Texas Drivers Handbook

Introduction
The Texas Department of Public Safety, Driver License Division, is committed to creating a faster, easier, and friendlier driver license experience and a safer Texas. One step toward achieving this important goal is to improve the Texas Drivers Handbook by providing you with accurate information on traffic laws, clear images of road signs, examples of common driving situations, and general safety tips. We have also included special tips in the margins to emphasize important information you need to know. Although the Texas Drivers Handbook has been revised, its primary purpose remains the same: 1) to help you qualify for a Texas driver license, and 2) to help you become a safer driver. The information contained in this handbook is not an official legal reference to Texas traffic laws. The information provided is only intended to explain applicable federal and state laws you need to understand in order to successfully operate a motor vehicle in Texas. If you would like to know the actual language of any law referenced in this handbook, please refer to the statute in the side margins. Once you receive your Texas driver license, keep this handbook as a reference on traffic safety and update it as needed. The Texas Legislature meets every two years and could create new bills that may affect traffic laws. For the most current information on driver licensing visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Contact Us
Please contact us if you have any questions regarding this handbook or if you need additional information.
Phone Number: (512) 424-2600 E-mail: www.dps.texas.gov/contact.htm Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety
Driver License Division PO Box 4087 Austin, TX 78773-0300 If you prefer, you can contact your local driver license office directly. Please refer to Appendix B in this handbook to locate a driver license office in your area. If you would like to provide feedback on the information in this handbook, visit www.survey.utexas.edu/txdps/.
ADA Accommodations
If you need to make special arrangements to accommodate a disability prior to visiting a driver license office, you can e-mail us using our secure website at www.dps.texas.gov/contact.htm or call us at (512) 424-2600. Please contact us five to seven days prior to your visit to allow us time to accommodate your request. If you are in need of assistance but fail to receive reasonable accommodations, you may have grounds for a grievance. DPS Grievance Procedures can be found in the Texas Administrative Code, Title 37, Section 1.41 and on our website at www.dps.texas.gov. The Texas Department of Public Safety does not discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability.
The information contained in the Texas Drivers Handbook is the property of the Texas Department of Public Safety and may not be changed, reproduced, or transmitted for distribution without written consent.
Dear Texas Resident: The ability to operate a motor vehicle is an important privilege in a state as large as Texas with over 225,000 miles of roadways. Whether you are a new driver or a new resident of Texas, always remember that driving a motor vehicle is one of the most dangerous things most people do. Every year 3,000 people are killed in traffic crashes in Texas and over 82,000 are seriously injured. Today more than ever, you need to be alert for distracted and impaired drivers operating motor vehicles. A two-second distraction can kill and permanently injure you and others. Respectfully,
Steven C. McCraw, Director Texas Department of Public Safety
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Your License to Drive .............................................................................................. 1
Who May Drive a Motor Vehicle in Texas ..................................................................................................................... 1 Types of Texas Driver Licenses ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Fees and Driver Licenses for Veterans .......................................................................................................................... 3 Classified Driver Licenses .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Commercial Driver License (CDL) ................................................................................................................................... 5 Nonresident Commercial Driver License (CDL) ......................................................................................................... 6 Identification (ID) Cards ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Medical and Emergency Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Organ Donation .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 How to Obtain a Texas Driver License .......................................................................................................................... 7 Penalties for Driving Without a License .......................................................................................................................10 Restrictions or Endorsements Placed on a License ..................................................................................................10 A Duplicate Card ..................................................................................................................................................................11 Renewing a License .............................................................................................................................................................11 Suspensions and Revocations .........................................................................................................................................12 Cancellations .........................................................................................................................................................................14 Court-Ordered Suspensions, Revocations, and Cancellations .............................................................................14 Denials .....................................................................................................................................................................................15 Driving While License Invalid (DWLI) ............................................................................................................................15 Sanctions for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses by Minors .........................................................................15 Occupational License (Essential Need License) .........................................................................................................16 Driver Responsibility Program (DRP) .............................................................................................................................16
Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration ......................................................................18

Vehicle Inspection ...............................................................................................................................................................18 Required Equipment for Vehicles ...................................................................................................................................18 Equipment You Must Not Have ......................................................................................................................................18 Optional Equipment for Vehicles ...................................................................................................................................19 Registration of Vehicles .....................................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 3: Safety Responsibility ...............................................................................................21

The Liability Insurance Law ..............................................................................................................................................21 Evidence of Financial Responsibility .............................................................................................................................21 Failure to Provide Evidence of Financial Responsibility .........................................................................................21
Chapter 4: Right-of-Way ............................................................................................................23

Right-of-Way at Intersections ..........................................................................................................................................23
Table of Contents
Yield Right-of-Way to Emergency Vehicles .................................................................................................................25 Yield Right-of-Way to School Buses ...............................................................................................................................25 Yield Right-of-Way to Pedestrians (Person on Foot) ................................................................................................26
Chapter 5: Signals, Signs, and Markers ....................................................................................28

Traffic Signals ........................................................................................................................................................................28 Traffic Signs ............................................................................................................................................................................28 Warning Signs .......................................................................................................................................................................29 Regulatory and Warning Signs ........................................................................................................................................33 Guide Signs ............................................................................................................................................................................35 Railroad Warning Signs ......................................................................................................................................................35 Pavement Markings ............................................................................................................................................................36 Barrels ......................................................................................................................................................................................38 Hearing Impaired .................................................................................................................................................................38 Construction and Maintenance Devices ......................................................................................................................38 Obey Warning Signs and Barricades .............................................................................................................................40
Chapter 6: Signaling, Passing, and Turning .............................................................................41

Signaling .................................................................................................................................................................................41 Passing .....................................................................................................................................................................................41 Turning ....................................................................................................................................................................................42
Chapter 7: Parking, Stopping, or Standing ..............................................................................45

Do Not Park, Stop, or Stand a Vehicle ...........................................................................................................................45 Do Not Park or Stand a Vehicle .......................................................................................................................................45 Do Not Park a Vehicle .........................................................................................................................................................45
Chapter 8: Speed and Speed Limits ..........................................................................................48

Speed .......................................................................................................................................................................................48 Speed Limits ..........................................................................................................................................................................48 Slow Down or Move Over .................................................................................................................................................49 Street Racing .........................................................................................................................................................................49
Chapter 9: Some Special Driving Situations ............................................................................50

Headlights ..............................................................................................................................................................................50 Highway Driving ...................................................................................................................................................................50 Controlling a Car in Special Situations ..........................................................................................................................51 Winter Driving .......................................................................................................................................................................52 Rotary Traffic Islands (Roundabouts) ............................................................................................................................53 Floods ......................................................................................................................................................................................53 Share the Road with Trucks ..............................................................................................................................................54
Table of Contents
ii
Share the Road with Motorcycles ...................................................................................................................................55 Share the Road with Light Rail ........................................................................................................................................56 Share the Road with Bicycles ...........................................................................................................................................56
Chapter 10: How Alcohol and Drugs Affect the Ability to Drive .............................................58
Texas Has Tough Alcohol-Related Laws for Minors .................................................................................................58 The Number One Killer .......................................................................................................................................................60
Chapter 11: Motor Vehicle Crashes ..........................................................................................62

Crash Resulting in Injury, Death, or Damage to a Vehicle ......................................................................................62 Crash Involving an Unattended Vehicle .......................................................................................................................62 Crash Resulting in Damages to a Fixture, Landscaping, or Structure ................................................................62 Crash Resulting in Injury or Death of a Person or Damage to a Vehicle ............................................................63 Hit-and-Run Crashes ...........................................................................................................................................................63 Aiding the Injured ................................................................................................................................................................63
Chapter 12: Pedestrian Safety ..................................................................................................64

Laws and Safety Tips for Pedestrians ............................................................................................................................64 Laws and Safety Tips for Motorists .................................................................................................................................64
Chapter 13: Bicycle Vehicle Laws and Safety ...........................................................................65

Bicycle Traffic Laws ..............................................................................................................................................................65 Shared Lane Marking ..........................................................................................................................................................65 Bicycles Must Be Properly Equipped .............................................................................................................................65 Bicycle Safety Guidelines ...................................................................................................................................................66 Riding in Wet Weather .......................................................................................................................................................66
Chapter 14: Additional Safety Tips ...........................................................................................67

Defensive Driving ................................................................................................................................................................67 Safety Belts .............................................................................................................................................................................67 Vehicles with Open Beds ...................................................................................................................................................67 When Stopped by Law Enforcement ............................................................................................................................68 False Identification Offense ..............................................................................................................................................68 Road Rage ...............................................................................................................................................................................68 Neighborhood Electronic Vehicles and Motor Assisted Scooters .......................................................................68 Speed Reduces Your Field of Vision ..............................................................................................................................69 Your Keys to Safe Driving ..................................................................................................................................................69 Transporting Cargo and Materials .................................................................................................................................70
Appendix A: Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................72 Appendix B: Driver License Offices ...........................................................................................78
Table of Contents
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Texas Drivers Handbook
Chapter 1: Your License to Drive

Who May Drive a Motor Vehicle in Texas
Individuals who meet the following criteria may drive a motor vehicle in Texas. 1. Residents who have a valid Texas driver license. 2. The driver of an official motor vehicle in the U.S. or state military service may drive a vehicle without a valid Texas driver license unless the vehicle is a commercial motor vehicle. 3. Any person while driving or operating any road machine, farm tractor, or implement of husbandry temporarily operated or moved on a highway is exempt from licensure, unless the vehicle is a commercial motor vehicle. 4. Any nonresident who is at least 16 years of age and possesses a valid driver license issued in the nonresidents home state. Nonresidents who meet this criteria may drive a vehicle permitted to be operated with a Class C or Class M driver license in Texas. 5. Nonresidents who are at least 18 years of age may drive any vehicle in Texas if they are legally licensed to drive such a vehicle in their home state or country, and their home state or country grants like recognition (reciprocity) to citizens of Texas. 6. A nonresident on active duty in the armed forces of the U.S. who has a valid license issued by his/ her home state and such nonresidents spouse or dependent son or daughter who has a valid license issued by such persons home state. 7. Any person on active duty in the armed forces of the U.S. who has in his possession a valid license issued in a foreign country by the armed forces may drive a motor vehicle in Texas for a period of time not to exceed 90 days from the date of his/her return to the U.S. 8. New residents who are properly licensed have 90 days after entry into Texas to secure a Texas driver license. 9. Unless a license is suspended, cancelled, revoked, or denied a Texas driver license held by any person who enters or who is in the U.S. armed forces will remain valid as long as the: a. Service continues; and b. Person remains absent from Texas and the absence does not exceed 90 days from the date the licensee is honorably separated from the service or returns to Texas.
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521 and 522.003(5); and Texas Commercial Driver License Act
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Section 521.027
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521.029 and 521.030
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521.027, 521.028, and 521.029
Types of Texas Driver Licenses

Learner License (Instruction Permit)
A learner license, also known as an instruction permit, is a vertical license issued with a photograph and allows a student driver to legally practice driving when accompanied by a licensed driver. The licensed driver must be at least 21 years of age with at least one year of driving experience, must occupy the seat beside the driver, and cannot be intoxicated, asleep, or engaging in any activity that prevents him/her from observing and responding to the actions of the driver.
Table 1: Learner License
Minimum Age
15 with driver education
Fee*
$15 for license + $1 fee = $16
Expiration
If applicant is under 18 years of age, license expires on the applicants 18th birthday or six years from next birthday if over 18. License is not renewable as a learner license. Must be renewed at regular fees upon expiration or at the time the driving test is passed and restrictions removed.
*A $1 administrative fee is included in most fees. However, if you are completing multiple transactions at the same time either in-person or online then you will only be charged the $1 administrative fee once. A $1 administrative fee is not charged for transactions made through the mail.
If you are under 18 years of age and applying for your first Texas driver license or learner license, you must provide evidence that you: 1. Have obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent; 2. Are a student enrolled in a public school, private school, or home school and attended school for at least 80 days in the fall or spring semester preceding the date of application; or 3. Have been enrolled for at least 45 days and currently enrolled in a program to prepare individuals to pass the high school equivalency exam. The certificate issued by the school may not be dated more than 30 days before the date of application during
Chapter 1: Your License to Drive Page 1

the school year or more than 90 days before the date of application during the summer. The Texas Education Agency (TEA) has developed a Verification of Enrollment and Attendance Form (VOE) you must obtain from your school. Ask school officials to complete and sign the form then present it to the customer service representative (CSR) at the driver license office when applying for or renewing your license.
Minor Restricted Driver License (Hardship License)

A minor restricted driver license (MRDL), also known as a hardship license, may be issued to a minor who establishes the necessity to drive. The difference between a provisional license and an MRDL is that the Graduated Driver License requirements do not apply to an MRDL and the holder of an MRDL can become fully licensed at age 15. An application for an MRDL must be executed by an authorized adult on behalf of the minor. Both the adult and the minor must sign the form and present it in person at the driver license office. Only a parent, guardian, or person having custody of a minor may make application on behalf of a minor. If the minor does not have a parent, guardian, or custodian then an employer or county judge may apply on behalf of the minor. A person applying for an MRDL: 1. Must be at least 15 years of age but not more than 18; 2. Complete and pass a driver education course, vision test, knowledge test, and driving test; and 3. Meet all other requirements for an original applicant. DPS may require supporting documentation or conduct an investigation to confirm the information provided on the application. DPS will issue an MRDL if we determine: 1. Failure to issue the MRDL will result in an unusual economic hardship for the family of the minor applicant; 2. The MRDL is necessary due to an illness of a family member; or 3. The MRDL is necessary because the minor applicant is enrolled in a VOE program and requires the license to participate in the program.
Special Note:
You may not receive a Texas driver license until all valid driver licenses issued are surrendered.
Graduated Driver License (GDL)

The Texas Graduated Driver License (GDL) program was implemented January 1, 2002. Phase One: Applicants who are under 18 years of age must hold a learner license or an MRDL for a minimum of six months prior to the issuance of a provisional Class A, B, or C driver license. Under the GDL program, there is no minimum time a person must hold a restricted motorcycle or moped license before he/ she can apply for a Class M license. Phase One does not apply to Class M or MRDL holders. The learner license must remain valid during the mandatory six-month period to meet this regulation. If your license is suspended during Phase One then the initial six-month period is extended by the number of days suspended because your license is invalid during that time. A Texas learner license will be issued to individuals who are 15 years of age, present an out-of-state instruction permit, and submit a VOE form. A Texas learner license must be held for six months from the date of issuance before the individual is eligible for Phase Two. Phase Two: Phase Two restricts the driving privileges of individuals who are under 18 years of age during the 12-month period following the issuance of an original Class A, B, C or M driver license (provisional license). These individuals may not drive: 1. With more than one passenger in the vehicle under the age of 21 who is not a family member 2. Between midnight and 5:00 a.m. unless the operation of the vehicle is necessary for the driver to work, to attend or participate in a school-related activity, or due to a medical emergency Individuals who are under 18 years of age and obtained their license on or after September 1, 2009, are restricted from using a wireless communication device, including a hands-free device, until they reach age 18, except in the case of an emergency. The restriction on the back of the provisional license will state: TRC 454.424 applies until mm/dd/yy.
Out-of-State License Holders

Applicants who are at least 16 years of age but less than 18 who present a valid out-of-state instruction permit or out-of-state driver license will be issued a Phase Two provisional GDL with passenger and time
Page 2 Chapter 1: Your License to Drive

restrictions for a 12-month period of operation of a motor vehicle in Texas.
Provisional License
All original licenses, other than a learner license, issued to any individual who is under 18 years of age will have PROVISIONAL printed on it. The license will expire on the individuals 18th birthday, and a minimum $15 fee is required. Non-commercial driver licenses issued to any individual who is 18 years of age or older will be valid for six years. A $24 fee is required for the license, and a $1 administrative fee will be added to transactions made in-person or online. Individuals who are under 21 years of age will have UNDER 21 printed on their license.
Fees and Driver Licenses for Veterans

Veterans who are honorably discharged and receive compensation for a service-related disability of at least 60 percent are exempt from paying driver license and ID card fees. Individuals applying for a CDL and those individuals who are required to register as a sex offender are not eligible. The veteran must meet all other licensing requirements.
Statute:
Veterans Designation on Driver License

DPS offers a VETERAN designation on the face of driver licenses for qualifying veterans. For more information on the veteran designation, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Classified Driver Licenses

Class A, B, C, and M driver licenses are issued to individuals who are exempt or not required to obtain a commercial driver license (CDL). Individuals who operate any of the following vehicles are exempt from obtaining a CDL but may need a Class A or Class B driver license because the type of vehicle driven still meets the definition of a commercial motor vehicle. For more information on what is considered a commercial motor vehicle, please see the special requirements section in the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook. 1. A fire-fighting or emergency vehicle necessary to the preservation of life or property or the execution of emergency governmental functions whether operated by an employee of a political subdivision or by a volunteer fire fighter. 2. A military vehicle or a commercial motor vehicle when operated for military purposes by military personnel, members of the Reserves and National Guard on active duty including personnel on fulltime National Guard duty, personnel on part-time training, and National Guard military technicians. 3. A recreational vehicle driven for personal use. 4. A vehicle that is owned, leased, or controlled by an air carrier, and is driven or operated exclusively by an employee of the air carrier only on the premises of an airport, on service roads to which the public does not have access. 5. A vehicle used exclusively to transport seed cotton modules or cotton burrs. 6. A vehicle: a. Controlled and operated by a farmer; b. Used to transport agricultural products, farm machinery, or farm supplies to or from a farm; c. Not used in the operation of a common or contract motor carrier; or d. Used within 150 miles of the persons farm.
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Chapters 522 and 521, Sections 522.155, 522.001, and 522.022.
Class A Driver License

A Class A driver license permits a person to drive: 1. Any vehicle or combination of vehicles described under a Class B or Class C driver license; and 2. A vehicle or combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 lbs. or more, provided the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of the vehicle(s) towed is in excess of 10,000 lbs. A Class A driver license does not permit a person to drive a motorcycle or moped.
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Chapter 521
Page 3
Table 2: Class A Driver License

Minimum Age
18 or older (Applicants 18 to 24 are required to successfully complete an approved driver education course.) 17 with completion of an approved driver education course or approval of a minor restricted driver license (MRDL)
Fee*
$24 for license + $1 fee = $25 $15 for license + $1 fee = $16
Expiration
Six years On applicants next birthday
Class B Driver License

A Class B driver license permits a person to drive: 1. Any vehicle included in Class C; 2. A single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001 lbs. or more and any such vehicle towing either a vehicle with a GVWR that does not exceed 10,000 lbs. or a farm trailer with a GVWR that does not exceed 20,000 lbs.; and 3. A bus with a seating capacity of 24 passengers or more including the driver. A Class B driver license does not permit a person to drive a motorcycle or moped.
Table 3: Class B Driver License
Minimum Age
18 or older (Applicants 18 to 24 are required to successfully complete an approved driver education course.) 17 with completion of an approved driver education course or approval of a minor restricted driver license (MRDL)
Fee*
$24 for license + $1 fee = $25 $15 for license + $1 fee = $16
Expiration
Six years On applicants next birthday
Class C Driver License

A Class C driver license permits a person to drive: 1. A single vehicle or combination of vehicles that are not included in Class A or Class B; and 2. A single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of less than 26,001 lbs. towing a trailer not to exceed 10,000 lbs. GVWR or a farm trailer with a GVWR that does not exceed 20,000 lbs. A Class C driver license does not permit a person to drive a motorcycle or moped.
Table 4: Class C Driver License
Minimum Age
18 or older (Applicants 18 to 24 are required to successfully complete an approved driver education course.) 16 with completion of an approved driver education course 15 with the approval of a minor restricted driver license (MRDL)
Fee*
$24 for license + $1 fee = $25 $15 for license + $1 fee = $16 $15 for license +$1 fee = $16 Six years
Expiration
On applicants 18th birthday On applicants next birthday
Class M Driver License

A Class M driver license permits a person to drive a motorcycle or moped. For more information on a Class M driver license, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov. Minimum Age Motorcycle: 16 with completion of the classroom phase of a driver education course (32 hours) and a DPSapproved basic motorcycle operator training course (16 hours); drivers who are under 18 years of age must also hold a valid Class C license Moped: 15 with parental permission, completion of the classroom phase of a driver education course (32 hours), and a DPS-approved motorcycle operator training course (16 hours) Motor-driven cycle of 250 cc or less: 15 with DPS approval for a minor restricted driver license (MRDL) or completion of the classroom phase of a driver education course (32 hours) and a DPS-approved basic motorPage 4 Chapter 1: Your License to Drive

cycle operator training course (16 hours)
Table 5: Fees and Expiration of Class M Driver License
Type
18 and older Under 18 Endorsement Renewal
Amount
$32 for license + $1 administrative fee = $33 $15 for license + $1 administrative fee = $16 Add to current license requires a $15 test fee + $1 administrative fee = $16 An additional $8 is required when renewing a Class M license + $1 administrative fee = $9
Expiration
Six years On applicants 18th birthday Expired with license Varies
Commercial Driver License (CDL)

With the exception of motorcycles and mopeds, individuals who hold a valid CDL may drive all vehicles in the class for which that license is issued including their personal vehicle. Any vehicle that requires an endorsement (i.e. school bus, hazardous material, etc.) may not be driven unless the proper endorsement appears on the CDL. Authorization to drive a motorcycle must be printed on the CDL. Any individual whose driver license is currently suspended, cancelled, revoked, denied, or disqualified in Texas or in any other state is not eligible for a CDL. If you are a CDL holder and want to change your address, please visit your nearest driver license office and complete an Application for Change of Address Certificate (DL-64).
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Section 522; and 49 CFR Part 172, Subpart F
Class A CDL
A Class A CDL permits a person to drive any combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 lbs. or more if the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of the vehicle(s) towed exceeds 10,000 lbs.
Table 6: Class A CDL
Minimum Age (Interstate)
21
Minimum Age (Intrastate)

18
Fee*
Expiration
5 years
Effective April 1, 1992, you may not drive a commercial motor vehicle unless you have in your immediate possession a valid CDL that is appropriate for the class of vehicle being driven.
Special Note:
Class B CDL
A Class B CDL permits a person to drive any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001 lbs. or more, any one of those vehicles towing a vehicle that does not exceed 10,000 lbs. GVWR, and any vehicle designed to transport 24 passengers or more, including the driver.
Table 7: Class B CDL
21

18
Fee*
Expiration
5 years
Class C CDL
A Class C CDL permits a person to drive any single vehicle or combination of vehicles that is not a Class A or Class B if either vehicle is: 1. Designed to transport 16 to 23 passengers including the driver; or 2. Used in the transportation of hazardous materials that require the vehicle to be placarded.
Table 8: Class C CDL
21

18
Fee*
Expiration
5 years
Page 5
Texas Drivers Handbook CDL Exemptions

Some individuals may be exempt from obtaining a CDL. Please visit the Classified Driver License section in this handbook for more information or see the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook.
Variances and Waivers

Individuals who are interested in obtaining a CDL but do not meet all of the requirements may be eligible for a variance or waiver. For more information on the types of variances and waivers available, please visit the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration at www.fmcsa.dot.gov or ask for a copy of the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook at your local driver license office. You can also download a copy of the handbook online at www.dps.texas.gov. This handbook contains all of the necessary information you must know for the CDL knowledge and skills tests.
Nonresident Commercial Driver License (CDL)

For individuals who meet the requirements for a nonresident CDL, DPS may issue a: 1. Temporary, 60-day nonrenewable, nonresident CDL to an individual who does not have a social security number; or 2. Nonresident CDL to an individual who presents a valid social security number. For more information on the issuance of a nonresident CDL or for eligibility requirements, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Statute:
Identification (ID) Cards

DPS can issue an ID card with a photograph of the applicant. ID cards have a distinguishing number similar to a driver license and are maintained in the driver record file. ID cards are displayed in a vertical format for individuals who are under 21 years of age and are horizontal for individuals who are 21 and over. Applicants must provide documents in accordance with our ID card policy requirements. Visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov for a list of documents that will be accepted to verify who you are.
Table 9: Identification (ID) Cards
Minimum Age
ID cards can be issued to any person of any age. Anyone under the age of 21 will have Under 21 printed on the card.
Fee*
$15 card + $1 fee = $16 (59 or younger) $5 card + $1 fee = $6 (60 or older)
Expiration
On birth date, six years from the year ID card was issued No expiration
*A $1 administrative fee is included in most fees. However, if you are completing multiple transactions at the same time either in-person or online then you will only e charged the $1 administrative fee once. A $1 administrative fee is not charged for transactions made through the mail.
Medical and Emergency Information

On the reverse side of the card, state law requires for DPS to print the statement Directive to physician has been filed at telephone # and Emergency contact number. Space has been provided on the surface for the license holder to write a telephone number and a box to the left of the statement to indicate why the telephone number is provided. A space has also been provided on the back of the card to allow individuals to voluntarily list health conditions which may impede communication with a peace officer.
Allergic Reaction to Drugs

DPS does not print medical information on driver licenses or ID cards. To add medical information to the back of your driver license or ID card, use a permanent ink pen and write the following information: 1. Name of your physician 2. Emergency contact number 3. Name of medication that may cause an allergic reaction
Organ Donation
DPS offers Donate Life Texas pamphlets to any person who visits a driver license office. The pamphlets provide general information on the Donate Life Texas program. If you choose to be an organ donor, a small red heart with the word donor will be printed in the lower right corner on the front of the card to indicate your desire to be an organ donor. Cards issued after September 1, 1997, which indicate a persons wish to be a donor shall be conclusive evidence of a decedents status as a donor and serve as consent for organ, tissue, and eye donation. You can register to be an organ, tissue, and eye donor online www.DonateLifeTexas.org.
Texas Drivers Handbook Voluntary Contributions

If you are applying for an original or renewal driver license or ID card, you can make a $1 voluntary contribution to either or both of the following programs: 1. The Blindness Education, Screening, and Treatment Program administered by the Texas Commission for the Blind which provides screening and treatment for those individuals who are without adequate medical coverage; and 2. The Glenda Dawson Donate Life Texas program manages the donor registry and statewide donor education projects.
How to Obtain a Texas Driver License

If you are applying for a Texas driver license, you must comply with the following procedures. If you are required to obtain a CDL, in addition to the following procedures you must also complete several forms.
Application for a Texas Driver License

Application for a driver license must be made in person. You can obtain an application at any driver license office or download an application from our website at www.dps.texas.gov. All in-person applicants are provided an opportunity to complete a voter registration application and registration for selective service. Needed Documents and Information for Application To apply for a Texas driver license be prepared to provide the following documents and information. 1. Your full name, residential address, mailing address, place of birth, and date of birth 2. Identification documents (For a list of documents that will be accepted, visit www.dps.texas.gov or contact your local driver license office.) 3. Social security card or other acceptable evidence of a social security number (See the Social Security Number (SSN) section in this handbook for more information.) 4. Thumbprints 5. Physical description 6. Provide answers to the medical status and history questions listed on the application. Individuals with certain medical limitations may have their cases reviewed by the Medical Advisory Board (MAB) before the license may be issued. 7. Surrender valid out-of-state driver licenses 8. Current county of residence and U.S. citizenship status Driver Record A complete record of your examination will be recorded on your application and scanned into the Driver License System where it becomes a part of your permanent driving record. Any convictions for moving traffic violations or crashes which occur will be recorded on this permanent record. This includes out-of-state records of convictions. Evidence of Financial Responsibility (Insurance) If you apply for an original driver license then you must provide evidence of financial responsibility or a statement that you do not own a motor vehicle which requires the maintenance of financial responsibility. Evidence of financial responsibility must be in at least the minimum amount required and cover each motor vehicle the applicant owns that requires maintenance of financial responsibility. Vehicle Registration A new Texas resident must submit with the application evidence that each motor vehicle owned by the person is currently registered in Texas or indicate they do not own a motor vehicle required to be registered. Registration receipt issued by the county tax assessor-collector of the county in which the new resident resides is satisfactory evidence a motor vehicle has been registered in Texas. Fees The required fee(s) must be submitted before any tests will be given for an original Texas driver license. The fee allows you to take three tests for each type of exam required. If you fail after three attempts, a new application and fee must be submitted before any additional tests can be taken. The required tests must be completed within 90 days. The application fee is valid at any driver license location.
Statute:
Statute:
Texas Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act
Page 7
Texas Drivers Handbook Driver Education

Individuals who are under the age of 25 are required to successfully complete an approved driver education course. For more information on licensing requirements for applicants who are under the age of 25, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Minors
If you are under 18 years of age, your application must be signed under oath by the parent or guardian with custody. If there is not a guardian, the employer or county judge may sign the application. The person who signs, before your 18th birthday, may ask DPS to cancel your license. This request must be in writing and sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths. In addition, the minor applicant and cosigner must sign a zero tolerance notification document which explains the zero tolerance law. See Chapter 10: How Alcohol and Drugs Affect Your Ability to Drive for more information.
Statute:
Social Security Number (SSN)

All applicants who apply for a Texas driver license are required to present evidence of their SSN. The purpose of requiring individuals to provide evidence of their SSN is to assist DPS in verifying the identity of each license holder. Most customers who visit a driver license office only need to bring with them the following documents: A social security card An unexpired passport or a birth certificate A supporting document such as your vehicle registration or Texas vehicle title A marriage license or divorce decree for those customers who want to change their name For a complete list of documents that will be accepted to verify your SSN, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov/DriverLicense.
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521.044, 521.142, and 522.021; and Family Code, Section 231.302
Testing
Before any tests are given, you must pay the required fee (unless the fee was paid with the original application). Your picture will be taken, and you will be given a receipt which you may use as a temporary license for 45 days or until you receive your permanent license in the mail. If you dont receive your license in 45 days contact our customer contact center at (512) 424-2600 or www.dps.texas.gov/contact.htm. If you do not pass the knowledge and driving tests on your first attempt, your application will be held in the driver license office for 90 days. After 90 days or three failed tests, a new application and fee will be required. The knowledge and driving tests are not required for applicants who surrender a valid out-of-state license. Part 1: The Knowledge Test As part of the Less Tears More Years Act, all applicants who are under 25 years of age is required to take a driver education course to apply for a driver license. Upon successful completion of the course, the person is not required to take the knowledge test, also known as the written test. There are three types of knowledge tests. 1. Class C Knowledge test for all original applicants 2. Class M Motorcycle road rules for motorcycle and moped applicants 3. Class A or Class B Rules for operators of Class A and Class B vehicles You need a grade of 70 percent or better to pass the knowledge test. Part 2: The Vision Test Your vision will be tested when you are at the driver license office. Depending on the results, you may be required to wear corrective lenses while driving if the lenses will improve your vision and help increase the safety of your driving. If the results are inconclusive, you may be referred to your doctor.
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Part 3: The Driving Test The driving test is given only after all other tests have been passed and evidence of financial responsibility is presented or the vehicle is exempt under the Less Tears More Years Act. The type of vehicle that must be used for the driving test depends on the class of license applied for. No one under the age of 18 is exempt from taking the driving test. Individuals who complete the DPS-approved basic motorcycle operator training course are not required to take a driving test for a Class M license if the person already has a valid, unrestricted Texas license. Also, the driving test is not required for anyone applying for a learner license. A $10 test fee is required when changing from a lower to a higher class license, when adding each additional endorsement on a CDL, or when removing restrictions from a license. Adding a Class M to an existing license is $15. Description of Driving Test During the driving test you will not be asked to do anything illegal. You must follow all of the instructions given by the customer service representative (CSR). Do not carry on a conversation during the driving test. If you are not eligible to drive in Texas a licensed driver should drive the car to the test area. If you are not issued a learner license then the licensed driver should also drive you away from the driver license office. Upon completion of the driving test the CSR will tell you of any errors you may have made and let you know how to correct those errors. Your application for a license will not be approved if you: 1. Violate the law 2. Refuse to follow instructions 3. Drive dangerously or have a crash 4. Have more than 30 points deducted on the driving test All drivers are graded on four basic skills, regardless of the type of driving test. 1. Control Your ability to make your car do what you want it to do. 2. Observation Your ability to see what other traffic is doing and other things which may create problems in traffic. 3. Positioning Your ability to drive in your lane. 4. Signaling Your ability to use turn signals is required. You may be graded on your performance on the following skills so it is good to practice before taking the driving test. a. Parallel parking b. Quick stop You may be asked to stop your car as quickly as possible at about 20 mph without skidding your tires. c. Backing Your ability to back the car for a distance of about 15 feet at a slow rate of speed and as straight and smoothly as possible. Turn and look back at all times while backing. d. Stop signs e. Traffic signals f. Use of clutch On standard transmissions, hold the clutch all the way down when starting the motor, shifting gears, and when speed drops below 10 mph when stopping. Do not ride with your foot resting on the clutch. g. Intersection observance Use the proper lane; slow down and look both ways before entering the intersection. h. Turns
The vehicle must have a valid inspection sticker attached and must pass inspection by the customer service representative before the driving test is given.
Special Note:

i. Right-of-way j. Following, passing, and proper lane observance k. Posture Keep hands on steering wheel; dont rest your elbow on the window. Pass or Fail Driving Test If you do not pass the driving test you will be told when you can return for another test. If you pass the driving test: 1. Write down the number of your original license in case it gets lost. 2. Always carry your license with you when driving and upon request, show to: a. Any peace officer, sheriff, constable, judge, justice of the peace, or state trooper b. Anyone with whom you are involved in a crash
Penalties for Driving Without a License

During a stop, a law enforcement officer will determine if you have a valid driver license as required.
Table 10: Penalties for Driving Without a License
Conviction
1st conviction 2nd conviction in one year 3rd conviction in one year after second conviction Driving without a license, operating a vehicle without insurance at the time of the offense, and driver causes a crash resulting in serious bodily injury or death
*Additional suspensions and surcharges may apply.
Penalty*
A fine of up to $200. A fine of $25 to $200. A fine of $25 to $500 and/or 72 hours to 6 months in jail. Class A misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $4,000 and/or confinement in jail for not more than 365 days.
Restrictions or Endorsements Placed on a License

A restriction and/or endorsement may be placed on your license. This is not meant to interfere with your driving but to make you a better driver. For a complete list of codes, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Table 11: Restriction Codes
Code
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Q R S T U V W X With corrective lenses LOFS 21 or over Daytime only Not to exceed 45 mph No expressway driving Must hold a valid learner license to MM/DD/YY TRC 545.424 applied until MM/DD/YY Vehicle not to exceed 26,000 lbs. GVWR Motorcycle not to exceed 250 cc Licensed driver age 21 or over in sight Moped Vehicle without air brakes (applies to vehicles requiring CDL) CDL intrastate commerce only Ignition interlock required Occupational license (no CMV); see court order LOFS 21 or over vehicle above Class B LOFS 21 or over vehicle above Class C Outside mirror or hearing aid Automatic transmission Applicable prosthetic device Medical variance documentation required Power steering Vehicle not to exceed Class C
Description
Code
Y Z P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21
Description
Valid Texas vision or limb waiver required Applicable vehicle devices For Class M TRC 545.424 until MM/DD/YY To/from work/school To/from work To/from school To/from work/school or LOFS 21 or over To/from work or LOFS 21 or over To/from school or LOFS 21 or over With telescopic lens LOFS 21 or over bus only LOFS or over school bus only Bus not to exceed 26,000 lbs. GVWR Passenger CMV restricted to Class C only LOFS 21 or over in vehicle equipped with air brake Operation Class B exempt vehicle authorized Operation Class A Exempt vehicle authorized If CMV, school buses interstate If CMV, government vehicle interstate If CMV, only transport personal property (interstate) If CMV, only transport corpse/sick/injured (interstate) If CMV, privately transport passengers (interstate) If CMV, fire/rescue (interstate)
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Table 12: Endorsement Codes

Code
H N P S T X
Description
Authorizes the transportation of hazardous materials Authorizes the operation of a vehicle with a tank Authorizes the operation of a vehicle transporting passengers Authorizes the operation of a school bus Authorizes towing two (double) or three (triple) trailers over a specified weight Authorizes the operation of a combination of endorsements H and N
Removing Restrictions or Adding Endorsements

Contact your local driver license office for more information concerning the removal or addition of any restrictions or endorsements from your driver license or learner license.
A Duplicate Card
You should apply for a duplicate license or ID card at your local driver license office if your license or ID card has been lost or destroyed, or for any change in information. If you need to change your address and have your card in your possession, a duplicate license or ID card may also be obtained online at www.dps.texas.gov. A change of name or address must be reported to DPS within 30 days. A license expiring in less than 12 months, or in less than 30 days for a provisional license, should be renewed not duplicated. Fee (duplicate license or change of address): $10 for license + $1 fee for transactions made in-person or online = $11
In-State Licenses
To change the address on your Texas driver license or ID card you can visit any driver license office, apply online at www.dps.texas.gov, or mail us an Application for Change of Address Certificate (DL-64). If you do not have the required DL-64, you can download one from our website. Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety License and Record Service PO Box 149008 Austin, TX 78714-9008 Upon receipt of a $10 fee and proper notification, a new license or ID card with the correct address information with your previous photograph or valid without photo will be mailed to you. A CDL cannot be issued online, by phone, or through the mail. Applicants must apply in person for a CDL
Out-of-State Licensees
If you are out-of-state but maintaining a Texas driver license, you can apply for a duplicate license online at www.dps.texas.gov or by mail. Complete the Texas Driver License Renewal-Duplicate License (DL-43) form which can be obtained an any driver license office or downloaded from our website. Submit the completed DL-43 with a $10 fee to: Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety License and Record Service PO Box 149008 Austin, TX 78714-9008 Applicants must apply in person for a CDL. A CDL cannot be issued online or by mail.
Renewing a License
A renewal notice invitation may be mailed to you about six weeks before your license expires. The notice will be mailed to the last address you provided to DPS. If you do not receive this notice, it is up to you to renew your license.
Application for Renewal

An application for renewal must normally be made in person at any driver license office but you may be eligible to renew online at www.dps.texas.gov, by mail, or by phone at 1-866-DL-RENEW. To check your eligibility to renew, visit us online or call the number provided.

Alternate methods to renew will not be extended to: 1. Any person whose license is suspended, cancelled, revoked, or denied 2. Commercial driver license ( C D L ) holders 3. Holders of occupational l i c e n s e , provisional license, or learner license 4. Licensees restricted because of driving ability or a medical condition that requires periodic reviews, including any medical or physical condition which may result in progressive changes to a licensees ability to safely drive a motor vehicle 5. Driver license or ID card holders who are subject to sex offender registration or driver license holders who are 79 years of age or older 6. Driver license holders who do not have a social security number or photo on file When you are at the driver license office you will be asked questions concerning your medical history. If you have certain medical limitations, your case will be referred to the Medical Advisory Board (MAB) for their opinion about how your condition may affect your driving. For more information on MAB, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Individuals Returning to Texas from Military Service

Military personnel returning from duty must present a Texas driver license and separation papers to obtain a renewal license without taking a test when the license has been expired for over two years.
An Out-of-State Texas Licensee

Most out-of-state Texas licensees may mail in their application for renewal. However, the following individuals who live out-of-state are not eligible to renew by mail and must renew in-person. 1. A person subject to sex offender registration requirements. 2. A person 79 years of age or older. 3. A person holding a commercial driver license (CDL). The proper fee and the results of your vision test performed by an eye specialist or an authorized driver license employee must be included with your application. The license will be renewed and will be valid to expiration date shown or until 45 days after return to Texas, which ever comes first. Make check or money order made payable to: TX DPS. Do not send cash. Mail to: Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety Central Cash Receiving PO Box 15999 Austin, TX 78761-5999
Suspensions and Revocations

Operating a motor vehicle is a privilege. If this privilege is abused it may result in a driver license suspension or revocation. Mandatory suspensions, revocations, and convictions for certain offenses involving fraudulent government records require an additional $100 fee. Administrative License Revocations (ALR) require an additional $125 fee. Some mandatory suspensions also require filing a Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR22).
Mandatory Suspension
Convictions for the following offenses will result in the automatic suspension of your license and driving privilege. See the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook for additional information for disqualifications. For minors, see the Suspensions and Revocations (Under 21) section in this chapter. 1. Driving while intoxicated (DWI) by use of alcohol or drugs 2. Drug offense 3. Intoxication manslaughter or intoxication assault 4. Failure to stop and render aid 5. Causing the death or serious injury of anyone while operating a motor vehicle; involuntary manslaughter 6. Any offense punishable as a felony under the motor vehicle laws of Texas

7. Overtaking and passing a school bus (subsequent conviction) 8. Boating while intoxicated 9. Evading arrest 10. Driving while license invalid 11. Altered/unlawful use of a driver license 12. Displaying or possessing a fictitious or altered driver license or ID card 13. Lending a driver license or ID card to someone 14. Possessing more than one valid driver license or ID card 15. Providing false information or documents when applying for a driver license 16. Making, selling, or possessing a document deceptively similar to a driver license or ID card issued by DPS 17. Graffiti 18. Fictitious license plate, registration certificate, or safety inspection sticker 19. Fraudulent government records 20. Racing a motor vehicle on a public highway or street
Administrative Suspensions and Revocations

DPS has the authority to suspend or revoke the driver license or privilege of any driver, after an opportunity for a proper hearing, for any of the reasons listed below. (See the "Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook" for information on disqualifications.) A reinstatement fee is required for all discretionary suspensions and revocations. 1. Driving while license suspended 2. Causing a serious crash while driving a motor vehicle 3. Becoming incompetent to drive 4. Repeated violations of traffic laws, including: a. F o u r o r m o r e traffic convictions occurring separately within any 12-month period or 7 or more traffic convictions within any 24-month period b. Failure to complete a drug education program as required upon conviction of a drug offense c. Failure to provide medical information when requested d. Failure to take or pass a test when requested e. Fleeing or attempting to flee from a law enforcement officer f. Person has committed an offense in another state, which if committed in this state would be grounds for suspension or revocation g. Fail to stop for a school bus (second conviction) h. Violates a probation order set by a previous hearing
Suspensions and Revocations (Under 21)

Convictions or failure to comply with the following offenses will result in the automatic suspension of the driving privilege of individuals who are under 21 years of age (See Administrative License Revocation (ALR) section for more suspension information regarding minors.) Alcoholic Beverage Code Offenses 1. Minor in possession 2. Attempt to purchase alcohol by a minor 3. Purchase of or consumption of alcohol by a minor 4. Consumption of alcohol by a minor 5. Misrepresentation of age by a minor 6. Driving or operating a watercraft under the influence of alcohol by a minor

7. Failure to complete an alcohol awareness class Health and Safety Code Violations 1. Failure to complete a tobacco awareness class when required 2. Drug offense 3. An offense under the Controlled Substance Act 4. A felony under chapter 481, that is not a drug offense
Statute:
Family Code, Section 54.042; Alcoholic Beverage Code, Section 106.115; and CCP, Article 45.050
Family Code Violations 1. Delinquent conduct by a minor or juvenile 2. Truancy Suspend or Revoke After Hearing of Minor DPS has the authority to suspend or revoke the license or driving privilege of a minor after a proper hearing, for: 1. Failure to appear or default in payment of a fine for a traffic or a non-traffic violation; 2. A juvenile court order; 3. Failure to pay a fine or juvenile contempt; and 4. Repeated violations of traffic laws. a. Two or more traffic convictions occurring separately within any 12-month period for a driver who has a provisional license b. Two or more traffic convictions if the driver holds a 60-day minor restricted driver license
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Chapters 521 and 724; and Alcoholic Beverage Code, Section 106.04
Administrative License Revocation (ALR)

The Administrative License Revocation (ALR) law became effective January 1, 1995. A $125 reinstatement fee is required for all ALR suspensions. DPS is authorized to suspend a license or driving privilege: 1. For individuals who are over 21 years of age who fail a breath or blood test (the blood alcohol content indicates a level of 0.08 or more); 2. Of any person who refuses to submit to a breath or blood test; or
Statute:
Senate Bill 35 passed by the Texas Legislature became law on Sept. 1, 1997.
3. For individuals who are under 21 years of age for any detectable amount of alcohol.
Cancellations
DPS is authorized to cancel the driver license or ID card of individuals who do not meet certain qualifications. The following types of cases require cancellation of a driver license or ID card: 1. Suspension and revocation action from another state 2. Parental authorization withdrawn (for individuals who are under 18 years of age) 3. Failure to give the required information on the application for the license or ID card 4. Person was not entitled to the license or ID card 5. Incomplete driver education 6. Voluntary surrender for medical or insurance purposes 7. False statement on application license or ID card
Court-Ordered Suspensions, Revocations, and Cancellations

Upon receipt of a court order, DPS will suspend, revoke, or cancel a license or driving privilege for: 1. Delinquent child support 2. Requirement for an ignition interlock device (see www.dps.texas.gov for more information) 3. Failure to repay any overpayment of food stamps or financial assistance 4. Mentally incapacitated 5. Chemically dependent

6. Failure to renew annually as required (classified sex offender)
Denials
DPS is authorized to deny the issuance of a driver license to a person who is ineligible to receive a license in this state. An applicant may be denied a driver license for: 1. Suspension/revocation/cancellation/disqualification status in Texas, another state, or Canadian Province 2. Physical or mental incapacity preventing the safe operation of a motor vehicle 3. Acquiring motor vehicle fuel without payment 4. Certain criminal mischief (i.e. graffiti, etc.) 5. Purchasing for or furnishing alcohol to a minor 6. Delinquent child support
DPS may deny the renewal of a driver license of a Texas licensee who fails to appear in court for traffic violations or certain other offenses within the jurisdiction of a justice or municipal court.
Special Note:
Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)

The penalties for driving a motor vehicle while your license or driving privilege is suspended, cancelled, denied, or revoked are provided in the Penalties for Driving While License Invalid (DWLI) table.
Table 13: Penalties for Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)
Offense
Driving a motor vehicle while driver license or privilege is suspended, cancelled, denied, or revoked. The person has a previous conviction for the same offense, was operating a vehicle without insurance at the time of the offense, or the persons license had been suspended because of an offense involving operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. The person was operating a vehicle without insurance at the time of the offense and caused a crash which resulted in serious bodily injury or death of another. The suspension will automatically be extended.
Penalty
Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $500. Class B misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $2,000 and/or confinement in jail for not more than 180 days. Class A misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $4,000 and/.or confinement in jail for not more than 365 days.
Sanctions for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses by Minors

The Zero Tolerance law provides sanctions for minors who commit offenses under the non-driving alcoholrelated offenses. A minor may not purchase, attempt to purchase, falsely state he/she is 21 years of age or older, or present a document indicating he/she is 21 years of age or older to a person engaged in selling or serving alcohol beverages, consume, or possess an alcoholic beverage.
Table 14: Penalties for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses - Minors
Offense
1st offense
Penalty
Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, 8 to 12 hours of community service, and mandatory attendance of an alcohol awareness course. The driver license will be suspended (or privilege will be denied if not licensed) for 30 days. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500, 20 to 40 hours of community service, and the minor may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course. The driver license will be suspended (or privilege will be denied if not licensed) for 60 days. Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $250 to $2,000; minor may also be required to attend an alcohol awareness course. The driver license will be suspended (or privilege will be denied if not licensed) for 180 days. Minors are not eligible for deferred disposition on the third conviction or any conviction after. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500, 20 to 40 hours of community service, and the minor may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course. The driver license will be suspended (or privilege will be denied if not licensed) for 60 days, or the case can be transferred to Juvenile Court as delinquent conduct.
2nd offense
3rd offense (At least 17 years of age but less than 21) 3rd offense (Under 17 years of age)
A minor who is convicted of driving while his/her license is suspended because of a non-driving alcoholrelated offense is subject to the penalties of Driving While License Invalid (DWLI).
Other Non-Driving Sanctions for Alcohol-Related Offenses

A person who purchases, furnishes, or sells an alcoholic beverage to a minor is subject to the penalties as outlined in the Penalties for Purchasing, Furnishing, or Selling Alcohol to a Minor table.
Table 15: Penalties for Purchasing, Furnishing, or Selling Alcohol to a Minor
Offense
Purchased or furnished alcohol to a minor Sold alcohol to a minor
Penalty
A fine of up to $4,000 and/or confinement in jail for up to one year. A fine of up to $4,000 and/or confinement in jail for up to one year.
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Occupational License (Essential Need License)

An occupational license, also called an essential need license, is a special type of restricted license issued to individuals: 1. Whose driver license has been suspended, revoked, or denied for certain offenses (other than medical or delinquent child support); and 2. Who can prove to a court there is an essential need to drive. Individuals may still qualify for an occupational license even if their driver license has been suspended for surcharges. Application for an occupational license is made to the district or county court in the county of the licensees residence or to the court of original jurisdiction, whichever is applicable. If the court determines an individual is eligible to apply for an occupational license then a court order will be issued. The court order is not the occupational license. A court order only authorizes DPS to issue the occupational license. The applicant must submit the court order and all required items to DPS before an occupational license can be issued. The fee for this type of license is $10 per year. A person issued an occupational license must also carry a certified copy of the court order when operating a vehicle and must allow a law enforcement officer to examine the order at the officers lawful request. An occupational license may not be issued to drive a commercial motor vehicle. For more information on occupational licenses, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.
Statute:
Driver Responsibility Program (DRP)

The Driver Responsibility Program (DRP) establishes a point system that requires drivers who have received six or more points on their driver record within three years to pay a surcharge. A surcharge is an administrative fee based on convictions reported to the driver record and can be paid online at www.txsurchargeonline.com, by calling (800) 688-6882, or by sending a check or money order to: Mailing Address: Surcharge Processing PO Box 16733 Austin, TX 78761-6733 A surcharge is in addition to other types of fees and does not replace a suspension, revocation, disqualification, or cancellation action resulting from the same conviction. To check your driver eligibility, visit www.texas.gov/LicenseEligibility. Two criteria are used to determine if a surcharge will be assess: point system and conviction based. Individuals who have both points and convictions reported to their driver record will receive separate surcharges for each offense; a surcharge for the points and a surcharge for the conviction.
Point System
Points are assess to traffic convictions. Once the conviction has been reported to the driver record, points are assigned and remain on your driver record for three years. A person will receive: Two points for a Texas or out-of-state traffic conviction Three points for a Texas or out-of-state traffic conviction that resulted in a crash A surcharge is assessed when the driver has six or more points on his/her driver record. The driver is required to pay an additional $100 surcharge for the first six points and $25 for every point after six.
Conviction Based
Driver who receive a conviction for one of the offenses listed in the Conviction Based Surcharges (DRP) table are assessed a surcharge every year for three years. Points are not assessed for these offenses because the surcharge is automatic upon conviction.
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Table 16: Conviction Based Surcharges (DRP)

Type of Conviction
Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) - 1st offense DWI - Two or more offenses DWI with blood alcohol concentration of 0.16 or greater No insurance Driving While License is Invalid (DWLI); license is cancelled, suspended, or revoked No driver license (No license, expired license, no CDL, or endorsement violation)
Surcharge
$1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $250 $250 $100
DPS Contracts with a Vendor

DPS contracts with an outside vendor to collect surcharges. This vendor is legally authorized to charge the following service fees in addition to the surcharge. 1. A service fee of four percent of the original surcharge amount. 2. An installment plan payment fee of $2.50 per partial payment. 3. A credit or debit card fee of 2.25 percent of payment plus $0.25 (except where prohibited by law). 4. An electronic check fee of $2 per payment.
Driver Record Review

DPS reviews surcharge cases annually. The number of points on a record can vary each year based on convictions that are added or removed. Please be aware there is a lapse in time from the date you are convicted for an offense and the date your conviction is reported to us by the courts. As a result, a point may be added to your record for an offense committed in a previous year.
Driver Notification
A letter will be mailed to you notifying you of the surcharges you have been assessed. Letters are mailed to the address DPS has on record so its important to notify us of any changes to your information. (To change your address online, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov.) Surcharges must be paid within 30 days to prevent the suspension of your driving privileges. If your license is suspended for failure to pay surcharges, your driving privileges will remain suspended until you establish an installment agreement or until payment is made in full. (Payment may include the surcharge and any related costs such as service or collection fees.)
Indigency Program
The Indigency Program reduces the amount of surcharges owed for some individuals who have incomes at or below 125 percent of the federal poverty guidelines. A summary of additional features and requirements of this program are summarized below. 1. Only surcharges assessed on or after September 30, 2004, are eligible for a reduction. 2. The surcharge amount owed is reduced to 10 percent of the total or $250, whichever is less. 3. Customers are still required to pay the full amount of all other applicable fees. 4. If there are not any other licensing restrictions, suspension action is stopped for those individuals who are making payments. To learn more about eligibility requirements, poverty guidelines, or the application process visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov or call (866) 223-3583.
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Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration

Vehicle Inspection
All motor vehicles registered in Texas, including motorcycles, motor scooters, and mopeds must be inspected each year by an official motor vehicle inspection station. Evidence of financial responsibility for the vehicle being inspected must be presented at the time of inspection. If evidence of financial responsibility is not presented then an inspection sticker will not be issued. When a vehicle passes inspection, an approved sticker must be placed on the windshield. Motorcycles and mopeds must have the inspection sticker displayed near the rear license plate. These inspection stickers are good for one year from the month of inspection. Any vehicle involved in a crash must be reinspected after repairs have been made. In addition to the safety inspection, an emissions test is required for motor vehicles capable of being powered by gasoline from 2 to 24 years old and registered in or required to be registered in and primarily operated in a designated county. Designated counties include Dallas, Tarrant, Denton, Collin, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwell, Harris, For Bend, Brazoria, Galveston, Montgomery, El Paso. Travis, and Williamson counties.
Required Equipment for Vehicles

You must have the following equipment in proper working order for your car to be considered safe.
Table 17: Required Equipment for Motor Vehicles
Item
Brakes Lights
Description
1. Foot Brake - Must stop car within a distance of 25 feet at a speed of 20 mph. 2. Parking Brake - Should be adequate to stop and hold car. 1. Two Headlights (one on each side of the front) - A beam indicator showing when the high headlight beam is on. 2. Taillights - All vehicles must be equipped with two taillights. Exception: Cars manufactured before 1960 are only required to have one taillight. 3. Brake (Stop) Lights - All vehicles must have two brake lights. Cars manufactured before 1960 are only required to have one brake light. 4. License Plate Lights - A white light that lights the rear license plate when the headlights (or auxiliary lamps) are lighted. 5. Parking Lights - White or amber on the front, red to the rear (may be combined with other lights). 6. Reflectors - Two red reflectors, one on each side of the car (may be combined with taillights) must be placed at a height of 15 to 60 inches and be visible up to 600 feet; visible up to 350 feet on vehicles manufactured before 1960. 7. Turn Signals - Every motor vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer, and pole-trailer must have electric turn signals (except motorcycles and certain trailers). Exception: Passenger cars and trucks less than 80 inches in width and manufactured before 1960 are not required to have electrical turn signals. Horns must be heard for a minimum distance of 200 feet. All 1968 or later models must be equipped with an exhaust emission system to help reduce air pollution. New cars must be equipped with safety glass. Replacements of glass for any car must be with safety glass. License plates must have one valid plate at the front and one at the rear of passenger and commercial vehicles except dealer plates and commercial vehicles that are only issued one license plate. Windshield wipers are necessary for safety in bad weather. A rearview mirror must be able to reflect a view of the highway for a distance of at least 200 feet to the rear of the vehicle. Farm tractors and machinery, road construction machinery, animal-drawn vehicles and certain other motor vehicles assigned to travel at 25 mph or less must display the slow-moving vehicle emblem. Front safety belts are required if safety belt anchorages were part of the original equipment of the vehicle. All vehicles are required to have tires in proper and safe condition with a minimum depth of 2/23 of an inch. The fuel cap on gasoline-powered vehicles from 2 to 24 years old will be checked to determine if the fuel cap is missing or defective. Exception: Antique vehicles, circus vehicles, slow moving vehicles, motorcycles, and vehicles operated exclusively by a fuel other than gasoline and vehicles newer than 2 years or older than 24 years.
Horns Muffler and exhaust system Safety glass License plates Windshield wiper Rearview mirror Slow moving vehicle emblem Front safety belts Tires Fuel cap
For more information on house trailers, please see the special requirements section in the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook. For information on motorcycles, see Motorcycle Operators Manual.
Equipment You Must Not Have

The following equipment is considered unsafe and is not allowed on your vehicle. 1. A red light showing from the front except an emergency vehicle. 2. A bell, siren, or exhaust whistle except on an emergency vehicle. 3. A muffler cutout. 4. Anything extending more than three inches beyond the left side or six inches beyond the right side of the body, running board, or fenders of your car.
Page 18 Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration

5. Flashing red lights on the front except on emergency vehicles, school buses, and church buses. 6. A radar interference device designed, manufactured, used, or intended to be used to interfere with, scramble, disrupt, or cause to malfunction a radar or laser device used to measure a vehicles speed.
Minimum Road Clearance

A vehicle must not be modified or weighted in such a manner where the body is below the lowest part of the rims of the wheels.
Optional Equipment for Vehicles

The following equipment is considered optional and is not required to be on your vehicle.
Table 18: Optional Equipment for Motor Vehicles
Optional Item
Spotlight Side cowl or fender light Running board courtesy lights Backup lights Flashing lights Additional lights Sunscreen or window tinting
Description
Spotlights must be turned off for a vehicle approaching from opposite direction. If headlights fail, it may be used with the beam striking the road not more than 50 feet in front of the vehicle on which it is used. Two of these types of lights are permitted; must show amber or white light without glare. One running board courtesy lights are permitted on each side; must who amber or white light without a glare. Two backup lights are permitted separately or in combination with other lights. Do not use when vehicle is in forward motion. Widespread flashing lights may be used on any vehicle to warn of unusual traffic hazards; must show flashing amber or white to the front and flashing amber or red to the rear and must flash simultaneously. Any motor vehicle may have up to three additional driving lights mounted on the front, not less than 12 inches but not more than 42 inches from the road surface. If sunscreen or window tinting is used, it must comply with the appropriate state regulations for your vehicle make and model.
Registration of Vehicles
All vehicles must be registered in the county of residency. Once the vehicle is properly registered, a registration sticker will be issued that must be displayed on the vehicles windshield or on the rear license plate on a motorcycle or moped. 1. An owner must register a newly purchased vehicle within 30 days of purchase. 2. Nonresident truck owners may be issued 30-day temporary registration permits for certain movements of farm products and machinery during harvesting season. 3. Under certain conditions, temporary registration permits and reduced registration rates for special vehicles may be obtained. (See your County Tax Assessor-Collector for more information.) 4. Buyers temporary tags are recognized for 60 days; dealers metal registration plates may be used on any dealer-owned vehicle except for commercial purposes (vehicle inspection is required). 5. A manufacturers metal registration plate may be used for testing purposes only; a vehicle inspection is required. Dealers temporary cardboard tags may be used for demonstrating a vehicle for sale with a motor vehicle inspection certificate attached, or for transporting or servicing vehicles without a motor vehicle inspection certificate. 6. Farm registered vehicles, in addition to use for farm and ranch purposes, may be used as a means of passenger transportation for members of the family to attend church or school, to visit doctors for medical treatment or supplies, or for other necessities of the home or family, but not for gainful employment. 7. For registration applications and detailed information, consult your County Tax Assessor-Collector or the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Additional information may also be obtained from DPS publications pertaining to commercial vehicles.
Vehicles Not Required to be Registered or Inspected

The following vehicles are not required to be registered, inspected, or to display a license plate when temporarily operated on highways. 1. Farm tractors 2. Farm trailers, farm semi-trailers, and certain fertilizer and cottonseed trailers weighing not more than 4,000 lbs. gross. 3. Implements of agriculture
Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration Page 19

4. Power sweepers 5. Certain golf carts 6. Electric bicycles 7. Motorized and electric personal assistive mobility devices When temporarily operated on highways, the following vehicles are not required to be registered or inspected if the owner annually secures a distinguishing $5 license plate and complies with other special conditions in the law: 1. Machinery for drilling water wells and construction machinery. 2. Farm trailers, farm semi-trailers, cotton trailers, cottonseed trailers, and certain fertilizer trailers weighting over 4,000 lbs. but less than 34,000 lbs gross.
Vehicle Registration for New and Nonresidents of Texas

A new Texas resident must register every vehicle he/she owns before applying for a Texas driver license. When a nonresident establishes residency in Texas or enters into gainful employment, his/her vehicle may be operated for 30 days. After 30 days, the vehicle must be registered in Texas. New residents registering a vehicle must obtain a Texas vehicle inspection certificate and verification of the vehicle identification number (VIN) by a state-approved vehicle inspection station prior to registration. The vehicle owner will then be provided the necessary form for processing the vehicle registration. Evidence of financial responsibility for the vehicle being registered must be presented at the time of registration. If evidence of financial responsibility is not presented, the vehicle cannot be registered. The registration receipt issued by the county tax assessor-collector for each vehicle will be acceptable proof of the registration when applying for a Texas driver license.
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Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration
Chapter 3: Safety Responsibility

The Liability Insurance Law
The Safety Responsibility Act was enacted to ensure all drivers are financially responsible for the death, injury, or property damage they may cause while operating a motor vehicle. All owners and/or operators of motor vehicles in Texas must have at least the minium amount of liability insurance. Effective January 1, 2011, the minimum amount of liability insurance is: $30,000 against injury or death of one person $60,000 against injury or death of two individuals $25,000 against property damage To comply with the Safety Responsibility Act, a driver, unless exempt, must maintain liability insurance or be self-insured under the provisions of the Act. Evidence of financial responsibility must be presented at the time a person applies for a driver license, registers a motor vehicle, or obtains a motor vehicle inspection certificate. Every owner or operator of a motor vehicle in Texas is required to furnish evidence of financial responsibility to a law enforcement officer or to another person involved in a crash upon request.
Evidence of Financial Responsibility

The following list includes items that will be accepted as evidence of financial responsibility. 1. A liability insurance policy in at least the minimum amounts. 2. A standard proof of liability insurance form prescribed by the Texas Department of Insurance and issued by a liability insurer that includes the: a. Name of the insurer, insurance policy number, and policy period b. Name and address of each insured; c. Policy limits or a statement the coverage of the policy complies with at least the minimum amounts of liability insurance required by this Act; and - The make and model of each covered vehicle; - An insurance binder indicating the owner and/or operator is in compliance; - A certificate or copy of a certificate issued by the state comptroller showing the owner of the vehicle has on deposit with the treasurer money or securities for at least $55,000; - A surety bond issued by DPS showing the vehicle has a bond on file with us; - A copy of a certificate issued by the county judge of a county in which the vehicle is registered and shows the owner of the vehicle has on deposit with the county judge, cash or a cashiers check for at least $55,000; or - A certificate issued by DPS showing a person has more than 25 vehicles registered in his/ her name, qualifies as a self-insurer.
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 601.121, 601.122, 601.123, and 601.124
Failure to Provide Evidence of Financial Responsibility

If an individual fails to provide evidence of financial responsibility when required, he/she may receive a citation. The court may dismiss the charge if the individual provides evidence that a liability insurance policy was in effect when the citation was issued. Upon conviction of driving a motor vehicle without sufficient evidence of financial responsibility, when required, a driver is subject to penalties.
Table 19: Penalties for Driving Without Evidence of Financial Responsibility
Conviction
1st conviction 2nd conviction and every conviction after A fine of $175 to $350. Suspension of driver license and motor vehicle registration, a fine of $350 to $1,000, and court-impoundment of the motor vehicle driven or operated by the person at the time of the offense provided the defendant was an owner of the vehicle at the time of the offense and is an owner of the vehicle on the date of conviction. The vehicle shall be impounded for 180 days. Before the court orders the release of the vehicle, evidence of financial responsibility must be presented to the court.
Penalty
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The vehicle registration and license and driving privilege will be suspended: 1. Upon conviction of a traffic violation providing for automatic suspension of a driver license, unless evidence of insurance is presented to the DPS; 2. If a judgment resulting from a crash has not been satisfied within 60 days of the judgement; 3. If an installment agreement arising out of a settlement of a crash is in default; 4. If, while uninsured, the individual was involved in a crash in which another person is killed, injured, or there is at least $1,000 damage to a persons property and there exists a reasonable probability of a judgment being rendered against the driver; and 5. When required to maintain evidence of financial responsibility for two years from the most recent conviction date. More specific information about compliance with the Safety Responsibility Act may be found online at www.dps.texas.gov. You may also visit any driver license office or write to: Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety Enforcement and Compliance Service PO Box 4087 Austin, TX 78773-0320
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Chapter 4: Right-of-Way
Drivers, at times, must yield to others. There are certain rules to help determine the right-of-way, but if the other driver doesnt follow these rules, give him/her the right-of-way. Remember, in every situation, rightof-way is something to be given, not taken. All drivers should know and understand the rules which determine the right-of-way.
Table 20: Penalties for Failure to Yield Right-of-Way
Offense
Driver commits any traffic offense of which failure to yield the right-of-way to another vehicle is an element and causes bodily injury to another. Driver causes serious bodily injury to another.
Penalty
A fine of $500 to $2,000. A fine of $1,000 to $4,000.
Right-of-Way at Intersections
Intersections Controlled by Signs and Signals
When signs and signals control traffic at an intersection, obey them. Know the meaning of each sign and signal. See Chapter 5 for more information.
Single- or Two-Lane Road Intersecting a Multi-Lane Road

When driving on a single- or two-lane road yield to vehicles traveling on a divided street or road and to vehicles traveling on a road with three or more lanes.
Unpaved Road Intersecting a Paved Road

If you are driving on an unpaved road which intersects with a paved road, you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles traveling on the paved road.
Intersections Not Controlled by Signs, Signals, Multi-Lanes, or Pavement

When approaching this type of intersection, yield the right-of-way to any vehicle that has entered or is approaching the intersection on your right If the road to your right is clear or if approaching vehicles are far enough from the intersection to make your crossing safe, you may proceed. Since there are not any traffic controls at this intersection, make sure there are no approaching vehicles from the left. You may legally have the right-of-way but be sure the other driver yields to you before you proceed.
Turning Left
When turning left, yield the right-of-way to any vehicle coming straight through from the other direction.
Private Roads and Driveways

When entering or crossing a road, street, or highway from a private road, alley, building, or driveway after stopping prior to the sidewalk, you must yield the right-of-way to all approaching vehicles and pedestrians.
T-Intersection
When approaching an intersection of a through street from a street that ends at the intersection, stop then yield the right-of-way to vehicles on the through street.
Enter or Leave Controlled-Access Highway

The driver proceeding on a frontage road of a controlled-access highway must yield the right-of-way to a vehicle: Entering or about to enter the road from the highway; and Leaving or about to leave the road to enter the highway.
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Driving on Multiple-Lane Roads

On a road divided into three or more lanes providing for one-way movement, a vehicle entering a lane of traffic from the right must yield the right-of-way to a vehicle entering the same lane of traffic from the left.
Railroad Grade Crossings

When approaching a railroad grade crossing, stop between 15 feet and 50 feet from the nearest rail if: 1. A clearly visible railroad signal warns of the approach of a train 2. A crossing gate is lowered or a flag person warns of a train 3. The driver is required to stop by other law, a rule adopted under a statute, an official traffic-control device, or a traffic-control signal 4. An approaching train within about 1,500 feet of the crossing produces an audible signal and is an immediate hazard 5. An approaching train is visible and in unsafe proximity to the crossing A person who fails to obey the law regarding railroad grade crossings is subject to a fine of $50 to $200. You are required to stop at a railroad grade crossing and remain stopped until allowed to proceed or it is safe to proceed.
Additional Safe Driving Procedures at Railroad Crossings

1. If a railroad crossing is marked only with a cross-buck sign, reduce speed, look both ways, and listen for a whistle. If a train is approaching, stop. If a train is not approaching, proceed with caution. 2. If red lights are flashing at a railroad crossing, stop. If a train is approaching, remain stopped until the train passes and the light stops flashing. 3. If the railroad crossing arms have been lowered, stop. Remain stopped and wait until the train has passed and the gates are raised before crossing.
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4. Never stop on the tracks. If your car stalls on the tracks and you cannot restart it, get out and try to push the car off the tracks. If you cant push the car off the tracks, get help. If a train is approaching and your vehicle is stalled, get out quickly and move away from the tracks. Run toward the approaching train to avoid flying debris. Stay clear of the tracks. 5. Be sure the tracks are clear before you proceed to cross. There may be two or more sets of tracks. One train could be blocking the view of another. 6. Remember, trains do not and cannot stop at crossings. Trains always have the right-of-way. 7. Audible signs or whistles may be difficult to hear when approaching railroad crossings. Roll your window down, turn your radio down, and listen carefully. If you encounter a railroad grade crossing signal problem, call the Texas Department of Public Safety Communications Center at (800) 772-7677 or call your local police department or county sheriffs office. Each railroad crossing signal has an identifying number. Please note the number and be ready to provide it when reporting a problem.
Yield Right-of-Way to Emergency Vehicles

Yield (or give) the right-of-way to police cars, fire trucks, ambulances, and other emergency vehicles sounding a siren, bell, or flashing red light. If traffic allows, pull to the right edge of the road and stop. If you are unable to pull over to the right, slow down and leave a clear path for the emergency vehicle. 1. You are not allowed to follow within 500 feet of a fire truck answering an alarm or an ambulance when the flashing red lights are on. 2. Do not drive or park on the street where the fire truck has answered an alarm. 3. Do not park in a location that interferes with the arrival or departure of an ambulance to or from the scene of an emergency. Unless otherwise directed by a law enforcement officer, drivers who approach a stopped emergency vehicle with its lights activated must: 1. Vacate the lane closest to the emergency vehicle if the highway has two or more lanes traveling in the direction of the emergency vehicle; 2. Slow to a speed not more than 20 mph less than the posted speed limit when the posted speed limit is 25 mph or more; or 3. Slow to a speed less than 5 mph when the posted speed limit is less than 25 mph.
Yield Right-of-Way to School Buses
You must yield the right-of-way to school buses. Always drive with care when you are near a school bus. If you approach a school bus from either direction and the bus is displaying alternately flashing red lights, you must stop. Do not pass the school bus until: 1. The school bus has resumed motion; 2. You are signaled by the driver to proceed; or 3. The red lights are no longer flashing. It isnt necessary to stop when passing a school bus on a different road or when on a controlled-access highway where the bus is stopped in a loading zone and pedestrians arent permitted to cross. A person who fails to obey the law regarding yielding the right-of-way to school buses displaying alternating, flashing lights
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is subject to the penalties listed in the Penalties for Failure to Yield Right-of-Way to School Bus table.
Table 21: Penalties for Failure to Yield Right-of-Way to School Bus
Conviction
1st conviction 2nd conviction and every conviction after Person causes serious bodily injury to another when passing a stopped school bus Person causes serious bodily injury to another and has previously been convicted of passing a school bus and causing serious bodily injury A fine of $200 - $1,000. Possible suspension of driver license for up to six months. Class A misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $4,000 and/or up to one year in jail. State jail felony punishable by 180 days to 2 years confinement and a possible fine of up to $10,000.
Penalty
Yield the Right-of-Way to Pedestrians (Person on Foot)

Avoid Turning a Car into a Deadly Weapon
You should always be on the lookout for individuals who are on foot (pedestrians) whether they have the right-of-way or not. Drivers must give the right-of-way to pedestrians: 1. At an uncontrolled intersection (there are not any traffic signs or signals for the pedestrian to enter the crosswalk) 2. If the pedestrian has a WALK signal a. If there is not a pedestrian control signal, give the pedestrian the right-of-way on a green light. b. If the light changes to red after the pedestrian has entered the crosswalk, still give the pedestrian the right-of-way.
Yield Here to Pedestrian Signs

The Yield Here to Pedestrians signs are used when yield lines are used in advance of a marked crosswalk that crosses an uncontrolled multi-lane approach.
In-Street and Overhead Pedestrian Crossing Signs

The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs or the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing signs may be used to remind road users of laws regarding right-of-way at a non-signalized pedestrian crosswalk. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs are placed in the road at the crosswalk location on the center line, on a lane line, or on a median island. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs will not be posted on the leftor right-hand side of the road. The Overhead Pedestrian Crossing signs are placed over the roadway at the crosswalk.
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

A pedestrian hybrid beacon is a special type of hybrid beacon used with signs and pavement markings to warn and control traffic at locations where pedestrians enter or cross a street or highway. Pedestrian hybrid beacons are only installed at a marked crosswalk.
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In-Roadway Lights
In-roadway lights are special types of highway traffic signals installed in the roadway surface to warn roadway users they are approaching a condition on or near the road they may not see or which might require them to slow down or come to a stop. Examples of when in-roadway lights are used include situations involving pedestrian crossings such as school crosswalks, marked crosswalks on uncontrolled approaches, or in advance of roundabouts.
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Chapter 5: Signals, Signs, and Markers

Traffic Signals
Traffic signals help provide for the orderly movement of traffic. Drivers must obey these signals except when a law enforcement officer is directing traffic. You must obey a law enforcement officer at all times even if he/she is telling you to do something which is ordinarily considered against the law.
Steady Red Light (Stop)

Stop before entering the crosswalk or intersection. You may turn right unless prohibited by law. You may also turn left if both streets are one way, unless prohibited by law. You must yield to all pedestrians and other traffic lawfully using the intersection. A Flashing Red Light Stop completely before entering the crosswalk or intersection then proceed when you can do so safely. Vehicles on the intersecting road may not have to stop.
Steady Yellow Light (Caution)

A steady yellow light warns drivers to use caution and to alert them a red light is coming up. You must STOP before entering the nearest crosswalk at the intersection if you can do so safely. If a stop cannot be made safely, then you may proceed cautiously through the intersection before the light changes to red. A Flashing Yellow Light A flashing yellow light warns drivers to slow down and proceed with caution. Drivers may turn left on a green light. However, drivers must yield the right-of-way if other traffic is approaching from the opposite direction. A Flashing Yellow Arrow For Left-Turns A flashing yellow arrow allows a driver to turn left but the driver must yield the right-of-way to oncoming traffic. In addition, a yellow flashing arrow is meant to reduce confusion of what the following signals mean: 1. A circular green light (occasionally mistaken as a protected left turn); and 2. A circular red light and green arrow showing at the same time (some motorists stop).
Steady Green Light (Go)

A steady green light means the driver can proceed on a green light if it is safe to do so. You may drive straight ahead or turn unless prohibited by another sign or signal. Watch for cars and pedestrians in the intersection. Be aware of careless drivers who may race across the intersection to beat a red light.
Green Arrow Displayed at the Same Time as a Red Light

A green arrow displayed at the same time as a red light means the driver can proceed carefully in the direction of the arrow after yielding the right-of-way to other vehicles and pedestrians.
Left Turn on Green

You can turn left on a green light. However, you must yield the right-of-way if traffic is approaching from the opposite direction.
Traffic Signs
Traffic signs can help you to be a better driver. Traffic signs help because they: 1. Warn of hazards ahead that would be difficult to see 2. Guide drivers to their destination by identifying the route 3. Inform of local regulations and practices 4. Regulate the speed and movement of traffic
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The Standard Colors table shows colors commonly used on road signs and explains what each color means.
Table 22: Standard Colors
Color
Red: Stop or prohibited Green: Indicated movements permitted, direction guidance Blue: Motorist services guidance Yellow: General warning Black: Regulation White: Regulation Orange: Construction and maintenance warning Orange (Retroreflective): Used on various types of signs Brown: Public recreation and scenic guidance
Description
Know these signs by their shape so you will know what to do when you are approaching from a distance.
Table 23: Signs by Shape
Shape Description
Octagon: Exclusively for stop signs
Horizontal Rectangle: Generally for guide signs
Equilateral Triangle: Exclusively for yield signs
Pennant: Advance warning of no pass zones
Diamond: Exclusively to warn of existing or possible hazards on roads or adjacent areas.
Vertical Rectangle: Generally for regulatory signs.
Pentagon: School advance and school crossing signs.
Round: Railroad advance warning signs.
Warning Signs
Warning signs alert drivers to conditions which are immediately ahead and tell them what to look for. There may be road hazards, changes in direction, or some other situation you should know about. Not only must warning signs be observed for safety reasons but to disregard them may be a traffic violation. When you encounter a warning sign: 1. Pay attention 2. Follow instructions 3. Reduce speed to at least the posted construction zone speed signs
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The following table provides examples of common warning signs.
Table 24: Warning Signs
Sign Description Sign Description
Warns of traffic control signal ahead.
The divided highway you are travelling ends ahead. Be careful as you approach the point where two-way traffic begins again.
Height of underpass from road surface is shown. Do not try to enter if your load is higher than the figure shown on the sign.
Slow down on wet road. Do not suddenly turn, speed up, or stop.
Advises you are approaching a section of highway where the opposing flows of traffic are separated by a median island.
You should drive in the right-hand lane and expect oncoming traffic in the lefthand land.
You are approaching a point where two roads come together, but you are not required to merge, an additional lane begins. Watch for traffic in the new lane.
Road ahead makes a gradual curve in the direction of the arrow (right). Slow down, keep right, and do not pass.
The road curves one way (right) and then the other way (left). Slow down, keep right and do not pass.
Cross road ahead; slow down and watch for cross traffic ahead. Look carefully in all directions for traffic.
Another road enters the road you are traveling on from the direction shown. Watch for traffic from that direction.
Give advance notice of a reduction in the number of lanes of pavement ahead.
Slow down, the road surface ahead is in poor condition.
T-Intersection
Cross traffic
Y-Intersection or side road traffic to the right.
Road ahead makes a sharp turn in the direction of the arrow (right). Slow down, keep right, and do not pass.
You are approaching a point where other traffic lanes come together with the one you are in. Watch for traffic from that direction.
There is a winding road ahead. Drive slowly and carefully, and do not pass.
You are near an area where a large number of pedestrians cross the street. Slow down and watch for people crossing the street on foot.
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Table 24: Warning Signs (Continued)
You are near a school. Slow down, and prepare to stop suddenly if necessary. Watch for children.
The road ahead makes a sharp turn to the right and then a sharp turn to the left. Slow down, keep right, and do not pass.
The surface of the road is covered with loose gravel. Go slow enough to keep complete control of your vehicle. Do not apply brakes suddenly or make sharp turns.
Warns of hazardous condition on bridge caused by ice. This sign will be displayed continuously during wintertime periods. Drivers should slow down and avoid applying their brakes if icy conditions exist.
Mounted in front of an obstruction which is close to the edge of the road, such as culverts, or center piers on divided highways.
Used to indicate the alignment of the road as an aid to night driving.
Mounted immediately in front of an obstruction or at short changes in road alignment.
Indicates traffic is permitted to pass on either side of a traffic island or an obstruction.
You are approaching a T intersection and must turn left or right. Be prepared to yield the right-of-way at the intersection if necessary.
This sign is used to mark the ends of the side rails of narrow bridges and other obstructions so they may be easily seen.
There is a low place in the road. Slow down in order to avoid losing control of your vehicle or an uncomfortable jolt.
Slow your speed and watch for trucks entering or crossing the highway.
Use extreme caution to avoid running off the paved portion of the highway, because the dirt on the side of the pavement is soft and may cause you to lose control of the car.
The pavement ahead narrows; reduce speed. Room for two cars to pass but with caution.
The bridge ahead is not as wide as the road. Slow down and use caution.
The hard-surfaced pavement changes to an earth road or low-type surface. Slow down.
Two roads cross. Slow down, look to the right and to the left for other traffic, be prepared to stop.
There is a significant drop from the pavement edge to the shoulder. If you must leave the pavement, slow down and steer firmly.
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Table 24: Warning Signs (Continued)
The pavement has been grooved to lessen the possibility of slippery pavement in wet weather. Motorcyclists should use caution.
There is a sudden high place in the road ahead. Slow down in order to avoid losing control of your vehicle or an uncomfortable jolt.
Slow your speed and watch for individuals who may be disabled or who may be crossing the road in a wheelchair.
The road ahead curves sharply. Slow down, keep right, and do not pass.
You are approaching a downgrade; all drivers approach with caution. It may be necessary to use a lower gear to slow your vehicle.
The lane ends ahead. If you are driving in the right lane, you should merge into the left.
The sign will have yellow lights flashing (top and bottom) when the freeway ramp ahead is metered. The ramp meter (red or green) directs motorists when to enter the freeway.
Be prepared for a stop sign ahead.
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Regulatory and Warning Signs

Regulatory signs tell us what we must do. Drivers are required to obey all regulatory signs in the same manner as traffic laws. These signs are one way that will help to protect your safety. The following table provides examples of common regulatory and warning signs.
Table 25: Regulatory and Warning Signs
If you wish to turn at an intersection where this sign is posted, do so only in the direction indicated by the arrow.
Advisory Speed Sign: This sign gives the highest speed which you can safely travel around the turn ahead.
High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Preferential Lane: Buses and vehicles used for carpools may use this lane only between the hours of 6 a.m. to 9 a.m., Monday through Friday.
Do not pass other vehicles.
Do Not Cross Yellow Lines: The distance you can see ahead is so limited that passing another vehicle is so hazardous you may not pass.
Stay in the right-hand lane if you are driving slower than other vehicles on the road.
This sign indicates two lanes of traffic are permitted to turn left. The traffic in the left lane must turn left, traffic in the other lane has a choice.
Indicates the speed at which the exit ramp from a highway may be traveled safely.
Do not park, stop, or allow your vehicle to stand idling in a parking space reserved for disabled individuals unless your vehicle has a disabled license plate or windshield identification card.
This sign tells you the maximum speed (in mph) you are permitted to travel. Sign also indicates the maximum speeds permitted on the road for day time and nighttime.
Turning left at an intersection where this sign is posted is prohibited.
Trucks are prohibited from using or entering the street or road where this sign is displayed.
Making a U-turn at an intersection where this sign is posted is prohibited.
Drive to the right of this sign. This sign is used in advance of islands and medians.
If you see this sign facing you, you are driving the wrong way on a one-way street and you are directly opposing the flow of traffic.
The road or street ahead is for one-way traffic traveling in the opposite direction. You must not drive into it in the direction you are going.
Stop: A red stop sign with white letters or a yellow sign with black letters. Stop before the crosswalk, intersection, or stop sign. Do not block the pedestrian crosswalk. A stop sign means a car must come to a complete stop. Slowing down is not adequate.
This signs tells you the road you are on joins with another road ahead. You should slow down or stop if necessary so you can yield the right-of-way to vehicles on the other road.
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Table 25: Regulatory and Warning Signs (Continued)
School Zone: The speed shown is in effect when the yellow light is flashing. Be extremely careful for school children.
The use of a wireless communication device is prohibited in the school zone.
Red light photo is enforced.
These signs are added to a stop sign advising that all approaching traffic to this intersection must stop.
Drivers should not change lanes or turn across the double white lines.
On roadways with more than one lane with vehicles traveling in the same direction and this sign is present, slower traffic should travel in a lane other than the farthest left lane. The farthest left lane is for passing only.
Oncoming traffic must stop for vehicles at an intersection. VEhicles turning at a protected light should use caution.
The center lane is only used for vehicles turning left, not for passing or overtaking. The only time a vehicle should enter the center lane is at a point where the vehicle will have time to slow down or stop to make a safe left turn. This lane should never be used for passing or as a through traffic lane.
This sign reminds drivers that the shoulder of the road should be used only by vehicles required to stop because of mechanical breakdown, tire trouble, lack of fuel, or other emergencies.
A green signal will indicate when you may turn left.
The road ahead is not open to any traffic. Look for detour or other route.
Vehicles driving in the right lane must turn right at the next intersection unless the sign indicates a different turning point.
Instructs drivers that all traffic on the same roadway must merge into one lane.
Advisory Speed Sign: This sign gives the highest speed which you can safely travel around the turn ahead.
This sign marks a place where you may cross over to the other side of the divided highway.
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Guide Signs
Guide signs are especially helpful when you are not in familiar area. Guide signs tell you what road youre on, how to get where you want to go, and provide information making the trip more pleasant and interesting. The table below provides examples of common guide signs.
Table 26: Guide Signs
Sign Description
The only place where you may lawfully throw your litter on the highway is in a litter barrel. This sign advised that such a barrel is one mile ahead. Litter barrels are also found at all rest picnic areas.
Sign
Description
The lane that has this sign above it exits ahead.
Texas Route Marker signs tell you what road you are on. Plan your trip and know which road you want to take.
This sign tells you what road you are on. A short state highway in a city or urban area.
Texas Route Marker signs tell you what road you are on. Plan your trip and know which roads you want to take.
Indicates an officially designated highway that branches off the regularly numbered highway and goes through the business portion of the city.
These signs are usually mounted above the road. The arrows indicate the lane or lanes to be used to follow a particular highway route.
Travel information: This sign tells you which way to go and how far you must travel.
Mileposts provide a means of identifying the location of crashes, breakdowns, or other emergencies. Mileposts are erected every mile on interstate highways starting at the state line.
Lane-use control signals are overhead signals indicating if a motorists should drive in a specific lane. If a red X appears above a lane, a driver should not drive in that lane. A steady yellow X means a driver should prepare to safely vacate the lane over which the signal is located because a lane control change is being made. A steady downward green arrow means a driver is permitted to drive in the lane over which the arrow signal is located. Lane-use control signals can be used on streets or highways.
Railroad Warning Signs

Railroad Crossing
This sign means you are within a few hundred feet of a railroad crossing. Slow down and be prepared to stop. If you see a train coming, STOP. Never try to beat a train.
Railroad Cross Buck

Railroad cross buck signs are posted at every railroad, highway, road, or street grade crossing and shows the location. If more than one track is to be crossed, the sign will show the number of tracks. Always slow down, look, listen, and be prepared to yield the right-of-way to an approaching train.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Gate and Flashing Light

Stop when the lights begin to flash before the gate lowers across your side of the road. Remain stopped until the gates are raised and the lights stop flashing. At railroad crossings stop within 15 feet to 50 feet of the nearest rail when: 1. You are directed to do so by a flag person 2. There are flashing red lights or gongs sounding 3. There is any warning device telling you a train is coming
Pavement Markings
Pavement markings help you just like signs and signals. They are used to warn and direct drivers and to regulate traffic.
Two-Lane Rural Road with Two-Way Traffic

Keep to the right of the yellow center line. You may cross a broken line when passing another vehicle or when the right half of the road is closed. Do not cross the line if it is not safe.
Three Lane One-Way Roads

On a one-way road when each lane is marked with a broken white line you may drive in any lane. When turning from a one-way road, move into the proper lane well in advance of your turn.
Special Note:
The center lane should never be used for passing or as a through-traffic lane.
Left Turn Lane Only

The only time a vehicle should enter the center lane is at a point where the vehicle will have time to slow down or stop in order to make a safe left turn maneuver.
Left Turn Lane Only
Multi-lane Highway (Four or More Lanes)

Do not cross the double yellow line to pass. Stay in your lane as much as possible. If you are driving slower, keep in the right-hand lane.
Page 36
Texas Drivers Handbook Solid and Broken Lines

A solid yellow line on your side of the road marks a no-passing zone.
Crosswalks
White crosswalk lines are painted across a road to indicate pedestrian crossing areas. Pedestrians should use these areas when crossing the road. At intersections where stop lines are missing, you must stop before the crosswalk when required to stop by traffic signs, traffic signals, or pedestrians.
White Stop Lines

White stop lines are painted across the pavement lanes at traffic signs or signals. Where these lines are present, stop behind the stop line.
Solid White Lines

Solid white lines are used for pavement edge lines, shoulder markings, channelizing, transitions, and lane use control. Crossing a solid white line should be avoided if possible. The solid yellow line on the left edge of the road is a guide for drivers to indicate driving to the left of the yellow line is prohibited. This type of yellow line can be found on interstate highways.
Crossing is prohibited where there is a pavement marking of double solid white lines.
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Barrels
Barrels that are engineered to act as an impact cushion is a new concept in reducing the seriousness of crashes. These barrels are usually installed in front of a solid obstacle and in an area of high crash frequency.
Hearing Impaired
If you see this flag, slow down, the bicycle operator may have impaired hearing. This sign may also be displayed on vehicles to alert others the driver may be hearing impaired.
Construction and Maintenance Devices

Special Note:
Traffic fines double for violations that occur in construction zones where workers are present.
Various traffic control devices are used in construction and maintenance work areas to direct drivers or pedestrians safely through the work zone and to provide for the safety of the workers. The most commonly used traffic control devices are signs, barricades, drums, cones, tubes, flashing arrow panels, and flag individuals. Orange is the basic color for these devices. When you are in a construction and maintenance work area, be prepared: 1. To slow down or stop as you approach workers and equipment 2. To change lanes 3. For unexpected movements of works and equipment
Construction and Maintenance Signs

Construction and maintenance signs are used to alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions in or near work areas. Most signs in work areas are diamond shaped, but a few are rectangular.
Table 27: Construction and Maintenance Signs
Sign Sign Sign Sign
Page 38
Texas Drivers Handbook Channelizing Devices

Barricades, vertical panels, drums, cones, and tubes are the most commonly used devices to alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions in highway and street work areas, and to guide drivers safely through the work zone. At night channelizing devices are often equipped with flashing or steady burn lights.
When you encounter any type of channelizing device: 1. Slow down and prepare to change lanes when it is safe to do so. 2. Be prepared for drivers who wait until the last second to move to the open lane. 3. Maintain reduced speed until you clear the construction area. There should be a sign indicating you are leaving the construction area. 4. Return to the normal driving lane only after checking traffic behind you. Pass to the Right Stripes sloping downward to the right means the driver should bear to the right.
Pass to the Left Stripes slowing downward to the left means the driver should bear to the left.
Passing Traffic The diagonal stripes on the barricade or vertical panel guide the driver towards the direction to where the traffic is to pass.
Flashing Arrow Panels

Large flashing or sequencing arrow panels may be used in work zones day and night to guide drivers into certain traffic lanes and to inform them part of the road or street ahead is closed.
Flag Person
A flag person is often provided in roadway work zones to stop, slow, or guide traffic safely through the area. A flag person wears an orange vest, shirt, or jacket and uses stop/ slow paddles ore red flags to direct traffic through work zones. 1. A flag person is used in cases of extreme hazard. 2. A flag persons instructions must be obeyed. 3. When instructed to stop, do so in your lane, do not veer right or left. 4. Do not attempt to go forward until the flag person instructs you to do so. 5. Proceed with caution, expect the unexpected. 6. Always be on the lookout for oncoming vehicles in your lane of traffic.
Chapter 5: Signals, Signs, and Markers Page 39
Automated Flagger Assistance Device (AFAD)

An automated flagger assistance device (AFAD) is used to control road users through temporary traffic zones. An AFAD is designed to be remotely operated, allowing a flag person to be positioned out of the lane of traffic.
Obey Warning Signs and Barricades

It is a violation to disobey the instructions, signals, warnings, or markings of a warning sign, or to drive around a barricade. The offense is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $1 to $200. Fines double in a construction or maintenance work zone when workers are present. The offense is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $2,000 and/or up to 180 days in jail when a warning sign or barricade has been placed at a location where water is over any portion of a road, street, or highway.
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Chapter 6: Signaling, Passing, and Turning

Signaling
A good driver always lets others know if he/she is going to turn or stop. Signaling helps others plan ahead. A surprise move often results in crashes. Be alert. Watch and give signals. Always signal when you are going to: 1. Change lanes 2. Make a turn 3. Pull away from a parking space parallel to the curb 4. Slow down or stop
How to Signal
You may use either signal lights or hand and arm signals. Make sure your signals can be easily seen by others. Extend your hand and arm well out of the car window and signal in plenty of time. During non-daylight hours, hand and arm signals are usually not visible except in well-lighted areas. Be sure your signal lights are working properly. When signaling a stop, pump your brakes a few times to attract attention. Signal continuously for at least 100 feet before you turn or stop. Be sure to turn off your signal light after you use it. Your unintended signal still means turn to other drivers.
Left Turn
Right Turn
Stop or Slow Down
Passing
Keep to the Right
Never drive on the left side of the road when: 1. Pavement markings prohibit driving on the left (a No Passing Zone) 2. There are two or more traffic lanes in each direction 3. Within 100 feet of or crossing an intersection or railroad crossing. 4. On a hill, curve, or any other place where vision is limited 5. Within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct, or tunnel Always keep to the right side of the road except when: 1. Passing another vehicle on a two- or three-lane street 2. Driving on a one-way street 3. The right side of the road is blocked
Basic Safety Rules When You Are Passing

It is not always safe to pass. Be patient and wait until the time is right. Crashes resulting from improper passing can be deadly. 1. Make certain the way is clear. 2. Give the proper signal before changing lanes. 3. Tap your horn when necessary to avoid surprising the driver ahead. 4. Avoid cutting in too quickly if you must return to your original lane.
How to Pass on a Two-Lane Road

1. Keep enough distance between you and the car in front of you so you can see ahead clearly. Check the rearview and side mirrors. Turn your head and look back; someone may be passing you. Signal left.
Chapter 6: Signaling, Passing, and Turning Page 41

2. Check well ahead for a No Passing Zone and for oncoming cars. Be sure you have enough time and space to overtake the car ahead and return to the right lane before an approaching car comes within 200 feet of you. 3. Tap your horn when necessary to alert the driver ahead. 4. Pass on the left and do not return to the right lane until you have safely cleared the overtaken vehicle. Wait until you can see the car you have just passed in your rearview mirror before returning to the right lane. 5. Signal right turn to return to the right lane. Be sure to turn your signal off after you have completed the lane change.
Passing on the Right

In Texas, you can pass on the right only when conditions permit you to do so safely. 1. The road is clear of parked vehicles or other things and is wide enough for two or more lanes in each direction. 2. You are on a one-way road. 3. You may pass on a paved shoulder when the vehicle you are passing is slowing or stopped on the main travelled portion of the highway, disabled, or preparing to make a left turn. Do not pass on the right by driving off the paved portion of the highway.
When You are Passed

1. Do not increase your speed. 2. Keep in your lane. 3. When being passed on the left and the lanes are not marked, move as far to the right as you safely can. 4. Make it as safe and easy as you can for the other driver to pass you.
Blind Spot Driving

Dont drive in another drivers blind spot. Either pass the other driver or drop back.When you pass a car, get through the blind spot as quickly as you can. Approach cautiously but once you are alongside the other driver, speed up and get by quickly.
Blind Spot
Blind Spot
Turning
Turning a corner appears to be a simple operation. However, much confusion in traffic and many crashes are caused by drivers who do not turn correctly. Study the diagrams showing the correct method of making right and left turns. There are seven steps in making a good turn. 1. Decide before you get to the turning point. Never make a last minute turn; its dangerous. 2. Look behind and to both sides to see where other vehicles are before you change lanes. 3. Move into the proper lane as soon as possible. The faster the traffic is moving, the sooner you
Page 42 Chapter 6: Signaling, Passing, and Turning

should move into the proper lane. If you cannot get into the proper lane within one-half block before turning, do not turn, continue straight ahead. 4. Give the proper turn signal at least 100 feet before you turn. If using a hand signal, hold the signal until you are close enough to the intersection for others to know your intention. Do not hold the signal while making the turn, you need both hands on the wheel. 5. Slow down to a reasonable turning speed. Dont use the brake or clutch while turning. 6. Make the turn correctly. This will be easy if you are in the proper lane and proceeding slowly enough at the time you begin to turn. 7. Finish the turn in the proper lane.
How to Make a Right Turn

1. Signal for a lane change well ahead of the turning point. When its safe, move your vehicle to the far right lane. 2. Use your right turn signal and slow down at least 100 feet from the corner. 3. Look both ways before starting to turn. 4. Keep as close as possible to the right edge of the road. 5. Turn using both hands on the wheel.
Incorrect right turn
How to Make a Left Turn

1. Well ahead of the turning point, signal for a lane change. When it is safe, move close to the center lane. 2. Use the left turn signal and slow down at least 100 feet from the corner. 3. Look in all directions before starting to turn. Stay to the right of the center line as you enter the intersection. Yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction. 4. To complete a left turn you should be in the left portion of the lane you are turning into but still to the right of the center line. 5. Once you have completed your left turn, you may signal and change lanes if necessary.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Making a Left Turn From a One-Way Into Two-Way Street
If you are turning left from a one-way street turn from the left lane.
Making a Left Turn From a Two-Way Into One-Way Street If you are turning left onto a one-way street enter the street in the left lane.
Other Turning Procedures

Watch for pavement markings and signs which: 1. Permit turning right or left from or into two or more traffic lanes 2. Give other special turning or lane information
Page 44
Chapter 7: Parking, Stopping, or Standing

Not all crashes happen while vehicles are being driven. An improperly parked vehicle may also cause a crash. When you leave your vehicle, set the parking brake, stop the motor, and remove the key. Be sure to check over your shoulder for any oncoming traffic before opening your car door.
Do Not Park, Stop, or Stand a Vehicle

Do not park, stop, or allow a vehicle to stand idling: 1. On the road side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street 2. On a sidewalk or crosswalk 3. Within an intersection 4. Between a safety zone and adjacent curb or within 30 feet of a place on the curb immediately opposite the end of a safety zone 5. Alongside or opposite of any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic 6. On a bridge or other elevated structure on a highway or within a highway tunnel 7. On any railroad track 8. At any place where an official sign prohibits stopping
Special Note:
Temporarily stopping to obey signs, signals, etc. is not considered parking or standing.
Do Not Park or Stand a Vehicle

Whether occupied or not, do not park or allow a vehicle to stand idling: 1. In front of a public or private driveway 2. Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant 3. Within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection 4. Within 30 feet upon the approach to any flashing signal, stop sign, yield sign, or other traffic control signal located at the side of a road 5. Within 20 feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and on the side of a street opposite the entrance to any fire station within 75 feet of entrance 6. At any place where an official sign prohibits parking or standing
Do Not Park a Vehicle

Do not park a vehicle, occupied or not, within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing.
Parking, Stopping, or Standing on a Highway Outside an Urban Area

Never park or leave a vehicle to stand idling on the paved part of any highway outside of a business or residential district when you can park off the road. If you cannot park off the road: 1. Leave plenty of room for others to pass; 2. Be sure your vehicle can be seen for at least 200 feet form each direction; 3. If at night, use your parking lights or leave your headlights on dim; and 4. Stop, stand, or park a bicycle on a sidewalk if the bicycle does not impede the normal and reasonable movement of pedestrian or other traffic on the sidewalk.
Disabled Parking
It is a violation for a person to park, stand, or stop a vehicle in a parking space designated as disabled parking. Illegally parking in a space reserved for individuals with disabilities is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $500 to $750 for the first offense. This fine increases with additional offenses up to $1,250 for five or more offenses. Additional offenses also include community service. Texas law specifically states: 1. You may not park in a disabled parking space unless the vehicle has a disabled license plate or state issued removable windshield identification card. 2. You may not use a disabled parking windshield identification card unless transporting the disabled person to whom it was issued.
Chapter 7: Parking, Stopping, or Standing Page 45

3. You may not lend your windshield identification card to someone else. 4. You may not block an access or curb ramp. 5. You may not make, sell, possess, or display a counterfeit disabled parking windshield identification card, or alter a disabled parking windshield identification card. Certain municipalities also prohibit stopping or standing in a disabled parking space unless a disabled parking windshield identification card is visible or the vehicle has a disabled license plate.
Do not park in striped areas adjacent to handicap parking spaces or in a striped area in front of an entrance to a business adjacent to a disabled parking space. Striped areas are for wheelchair lifts.
Unattended Motor Vehicle

It is unlawful for any person in charge of a motor vehicle to permit the car to stand idling unattended without stopping the engine, locking the ignition, removing the key from the ignition, and effectively setting the brake; and when standing on any grade, without turning the front wheels to the curb or side of the road.
Parallel Parking
1. Choose a space large enough for your car to fit. Signal then stop even with the front of the car about two feet out from the space. To alert drivers who may be behind you be sure to signal before you pass the spot you want to parallel park in.
2. Make sure you will not interfere with oncoming traffic then turn your front wheels all the way to the right and back slowly toward the curb.
On a roadway that allows two-way traffic, the driver must park with the vehicles right-hand wheels within 18 inches of the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
Special Note:
3. When your front seat is opposite the rear bumper of the car ahead, turn your steering wheel all the way to the left. Back slowly to the car behind you without touching it. You should be about six inches from the curb. Dont park more than 18 inches from the curb or edge of the road.
Page 46

4. Straighten your front wheels and pull into the final parking position. Center your car in space.
Parking on Hills
Leaving a Parking Space

Use care when backing up. Children often play between parked cars. Look back before and while youre backing up. Be sure to use your signal to notify other drivers you are leaving your current parking spot.
Coasting
It is illegal to coast on a downgrade with the gears or transmission in neutral.
Page 47
Chapter 8: Speed and Speed Limits

Speed
Generally, you should drive at the same speed as the main stream of traffic and always be aware of how fast you are traveling. You must always obey the speed limit but a good driver does even more.
Special Note:
When the vehicle ahead of you passes a fixed object and you reach the same fixed object in less than two seconds, you are following too closely.
1. A good driver always keeps a safe distance from the car in front of him/her. The faster you drive the greater the distance you should keep from the car ahead of you. A good rule is to stay at least two seconds behind the vehicle ahead of you if you are an experienced driver and at least four seconds if you are a novice or beginning driver.
2. A good driver always adjusts his/her speed and following distance according to his/her physical condition and the condition of the vehicle. If you are tired or not feeling well, do not drive. Never force yourself to drive. 3. A good driver knows when to slow down and increase the following distance. a. Slow down and increase the following distance when the road is wet. Many drivers find out too late what a small amount of rain can do. Roads become slippery when wet, making your car harder to control. Slow down and make sure you have complete control of the situation at all times. b. Slow down and increase the following distance when the road is crowded. c. Slow down and increase the following distance when your vision is limited. You should always be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead of your car. In the dark or in bad weather, do not over-drive your range of vision.
Speed Limits
Drivers are required to obey posted minimum and maximum speed limits. These limits are designed to provide for the orderly flow of traffic under normal driving conditions. During periods of heavy traffic, bad weather, low visibility, or other poor driving conditions, speed and following distance must be adjusted to avoid crashes. The Speed Limits table shows the maximum speed limits for all vehicles under different conditions. Drivers must also be aware cities and counties have the authority to change these limits. Entities that establish or alter a speed limit must establish the same speed limit for daytime and nighttime.
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Statute:
Table 28: Speed Limits

Type of Roadway
Urban District Alley Beaches and County Roads adjacent to a public beach (if declared by the commissioners court of the county) Highway numbered by Texas or the U.S. outside an urban district including Farm to Market and Ranch to Market roads Passenger cars, motorcycles, light truck, passenger car or light truck towing a trailer or semi-trailer, truck or truck-tractor, truck or trucktractor towing a trailer or semi-trailer, buses, school activity bus. School Buses which have passed a commercial vehicle inspection. Highway not numbered by Texas or the U.S. and outside an urban district Passenger cars, motorcycles, light truck, passenger car or light truck towing a trailer or semi-trailer, truck or truck-tractor, truck or trucktractor towing a trailer or semi-trailer, buses, school activity bus. School buses that have not passed a commercial vehicle inspection or are traveling on a highway not numbered by Texas or the U.S. 60 50 70 60
Speed (MPH)
30 15 15
After meeting certain requirements, the Texas Transportation Commission has the authority to raise the speed limit to 75 mph on parts of the state highway system if the Commission determines the speed limit is a reasonable and safe speed for that section of the highway. The Texas Transportation Commission also has the authority, after meeting certain requirements, to raise the speed limit to not more than 85 mph on a part of the highway if that part is designed to accommodate travel at that speed and the Commission determines that speed is reasonable and safe. The Texas Transportation Commission may also establish a speed limit of 80 mph on a part of IH-10 or IH20 in Crockett, Culberson, Hudspeth, Jeff Davis, Kerr, Kimble, Pecos, Reeves, Sutton, or Ward County if the Commission determines 80 mph is a reasonable and safe speed for that section of the highway.
Statute:
Slow Down or Move Over

If an emergency medical vehicle, law enforcement vehicle, fire truck, or tow truck is stopped on the road with its lights activated (the lights are on or flashing), then the driver is required: 1. To reduce his/her speed to 20 mph below the speed limit; or 2. Move out of the lane closest to the emergency medical vehicle, law enforcement vehicle, fire truck, or tow truck if the road has multiple lanes traveling in the same direction.
Statute:
Street Racing
Street racing, also known as drag racing, is illegal and can result in serious injuries or fatalities. Illegal street racers put other drivers at risk because races are typically held on public roads. Due to the high speeds, drivers are unable to react to common road hazards or other driving situations, which often results in crashes. Illegal street racing also causes unnecessary property damage, including extensive wear on roads (due to the high-powered engines damaging asphalt), which requires costly repairs at the expense to the tax-payer. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), an average of 1,000 people are killed in the U.S. every month in a speeding-related traffic accident. Based on a 2002 study by NHTSA, only 23 percent of speeding-related fatalities occur on highways. A person may not participate in: 1. A race; 2. A vehicle speed competition or contest; 3. A drag race or acceleration contest; 4. A test of physical endurance of the operator of a vehicle; or 5. Connection with a race, an exhibition of vehicle speed or acceleration, or to make a speed record. The criminal penalty for a conviction of Speed Racing ranges from a Class B misdemeanor to a seconddegree felony.
Statute:
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Chapter 9: Some Special Driving Situations

It is much more dangerous to drive during the night than during the day. We do not see as well as we do during daylight. When taking a trip, do your driving during the daylight hours - its safer. Also, never drive when you are sleepy.
Headlights
Slow down when driving at night and be sure you can stop within the distance lit by your headlights. Lower your dim lights when: 1. Within 500 feet of an approaching vehicle 2. Following closely (within 300 fee) behind another vehicle 3. Driving on lighted roads 4. Driving in fog, heaving rain, sleet, snow, or dust If you must park on an unlighted highway at night, leave your parking lights or lower beam headlights on. 1. You must use your headlights beginning 30 minutes after sunset and ending 30 minutes before sunrise, or anytime when individuals or vehicles cannot be seen clearly for at least 1,000 feet. 2. Avoid looking directly into the headlights of approaching vehicles; shift your eyes down to the lower right side of your traffic lane. 3. Turn signals flashing only on one side should not be used on parked or disabled vehicles.
Highway Driving
Within the past few years, thousands of miles of super highways have been built. They are known as freeways, tolls, roads, throughways, turnpikes, and expressways. These roads are designed for maximum safety, but you must know how to use them properly. In Texas, a highway is defined as a divided arterial highway with full control of access and with no crossings at grade.
Before Using a Highway

Plan your trip in advance so you know your entrance, direction, and exit. Make sure you and your car are in good condition. If you cannot or do not want to drive at or above the minimum speed limit, do not use the highway.
Entering the Highway

1. You must yield the right-of-way to vehicles already on the highway. 2. Enter the speed change lane, stay to the right, signal left, and when it is clear, increase your speed to merge with the flow of traffic.
Driving on the Highway

Choose the Proper Lane 1. Use the right lane to drive at the minimum posted speed limit or below the normal flow of traffic. 2. Using the middle or left lane: a. If you are traveling faster than other traffic; or b. If you plan to leave the freeway soon, change to the exit lane as soon as possible.
Page 50 Chapter 9: Some Special Driving Situations

Observe Specific Instructions Observe specific instructions indicating the lane you should drive in. Once the Lane Has Been Chosen 1. Stay in the middle of your lane. 2. Do not weave in and out of traffic. 3. Maintain a constant speed. Keep pace with the traffic. Dont unnecessarily speed up and slow down. 4. Stay at least two seconds behind the vehicle ahead of you. In bad weather, increase the time to at least four seconds. Watch the cars ahead of you. Be prepared if one of the cars ahead of you stops suddenly. 5. Adjust your speed to allow others to enter the highway safely. 6. Vehicles in any lane, except the right lane used for slower traffic, should be prepared to move to another lane to allow faster traffic to pass.
Leaving the Highway

1. Move into the proper lane well in advance of the exit. The greater the amount of traffic the earlier you should move into the proper lane. Exit signs are usually placed at least 1,000 yards ahead of the exit. 2. Slow down on the exit ramp so by the time you are off the highway, you are within the new, slower speed limit. Until you become used to the new, slower speed, watch your speedometer.
Fight Highway Hypnosis

A condition of drowsiness or unawareness can be brought on by reduced activity and steady sounds of wind, engine, and tire hum. This is known as highway hypnosis. All drivers should be aware of its danger and of the methods for fighting it. 1. Stop often. Even if you are feeling well you should stop at least every two hours or every 100 miles. Get out of your car and walk around. Allow your muscles to relax. 2. Do not drive more than eight hours per day. 3. Keep shifting your eyes. Look at different objects; near and far, left and right. Read the road signs as you approach them. Check your rearview mirror.
Highway Safety Tips

1. Keep a window open so there is always fresh air in the car to help keep you alert and awake. 2. On bright days, wear good sunglasses. Never wear sunglasses at night. 3. Stay out of another drivers blind spot. Traveling where the driver ahead of you cannot see your vehicle can be dangerous. Stay behind or go around the other vehicle. Dont follow to the side. 4. Avoid using a cell phone while driving; use may cause distraction and driver inattention. If you must use a cell phone, safely pull off the road or use a hands-free headset. If you are under 18 years of age and received your driver license on or after September 1, 2009, it is illegal to use a cell phone while driving even if it is a hands-free device except in the case of emergency.
Vehicle Breakdown
1. If you cant get the car off the pavement, get everyone out of the car and off the road. Portable warning devices should be used to warn oncoming traffic. 2. Move your car off the pavement to the side of the road. A car with a flat or blowout can be driven slowly off the road. 3. Turn on your emergency warning lights. If you do not have warning lights, use your taillights. At night, in addition to your taillights, turn the lights on inside of the car. 4. Tie a white cloth to your radio antenna, door handle, or some other place where it may be easily seen. If you do not have a white cloth, raise your hood.
Controlling a Car in Special Situations

There is one basic rule which applies in all driving situations, think before you act.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Steering Out of a Skid

An automobile skids when its tires lose their grip on the road surface. If the car starts to skid follow these safety tips. 1. Dont jam on the brakes. Take your foot off of the gas pedal (accelerator). 2. Turn your steering wheel in the direction of the skid. As you recover control, gently straighten the wheels. 3. Avoid a skid by slowing down when the road and weather conditions are poor. Also, check the tires. Poor tires are dangerous. (In the illustration below, the direction of the skid is to the right.)
Brake Failure
When brakes fail, dont panic. Remember your parking brake and shift to a lower gear. Apply your parking brake cautiously so you do not lock the brakes and throw your car into a skid.
Running Off the Pavement

If you run off the pavement: Do not hit the brakes suddenly and hard. Grip the steering wheel tightly and take your foot off of the gas pedal. Use your brakes carefully and do not swing back onto the pavement. Wait until your speed is reduced, check the traffic behind you, then carefully drive back onto the pavement.
Flat Tire or Blowout

When the tires are cool, check the air pressure frequently. If you have a flat tire or a blowout: Do not slam on the brakes Take your foot off the gas and gently apply the brakes Steer straight ahead to a stop
Driving Down a Steep Hill

Use a low gear to help slow your vehicle. Never coast in neutral or with your foot on the clutch.
Winter Driving
Most drivers realize winter creates additional hazards, but many drivers dont know what to do about it. Here are a few precautions you should following during winter.
Table 29: Winter Driving Safety Tips
Safety Tip
Equip vehicle with chains or snow tires Maintain a safe interval
Explanation
Chains are the most effective and should be used where ice and snow remain on the road. One word of caution, neither chains nor snow tires will permit you to drive on slick pavement at normal speeds so dont get a false feeling of security. Increase the distance from the vehicle ahead of you according to the conditions of the pavement. Many rear-end collisions occur on icy streets because drivers dont leave space to stop. Snow tires will slide on ice or packed snow. To keep safe you must keep your distance. There is no such thing as a safe speed range at which you may drive on snow or ice. You must be extremely cautious until you are able to determine how much traction you can expect from your tires. Avoid locking of brakes on glazed ice as it will cause a loss of steering and control. Every city block and every mile of highway may be different, depending upon sun or shade and the surface of the road. Remove snow and ice before you drive, even if youre just going to the corner drugstore. Make certain the windshield wipers and defroster are working properly. There may be ice on bridges when the rest of the pavement is clear. Snow melts more slowly in shady areas. Take precautions when approaching turns. Start out very slowly. It is useless to burn the rubber off your tires by spinning the wheels. Test your brakes gently after the car is in motion to determine how much traction you have. Start slowing down before you come to a turn.
Reduce speed to correspond with conditions Keep windows clear Watch for danger spots ahead Get a feel for the road
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Rotary Traffic Islands (Roundabouts)

Rotary traffic islands are also known as traffic circles or roundabouts. A driver moving around a rotary traffic island must only drive to the right of the island.
Floods
Floods are one of the most common hazards in the U.S. Nearly half of all flood fatalities are vehicle-related. These are the facts: Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cards, causing loss of control and possible stalling. Twelve inches of water will float many cars. Two fee of rushing water will carry away pick-up trucks, SUVs, and most other vehicles. Water across a road may hide a missing segment of roadbed or a missing bridge. Roads weaken under floodwater and drivers should proceed cautiously after waters have receded since the road may collapse under the vehicles weight. National Weather Service and Governors Division of Emergency Management officials say if your vehicle stalls in floodwater, get out quickly and move to higher ground. Better yet, when theres water on the road, Turn Around Dont Drown. Saving your life is as simple as choosing an alternate route.
For more information on Turn Around Dont Drown, visit www.srh.weather.gov or on Federal Alliance for Safe Homes (FLASH), visit www.flash.org. Mailing Address: National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters 819 Taylor Street Fort Worth, TX 76102
Source: The materials from Turn Around Dont Drown were used with permission from the Southern Regional Headquarters, NOAA, per Larry Eblen (Larry.Eblen@noaa.gov) and Walt Zaleski, (Walt.Zaleski@noaa.gov), Warning Coordination Meteorologist Program, Manager NWS, Southern Region Headquarters, Fort Worth, Texas.
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Share the Road with Trucks

Whether you are sharing the road with a passenger car, motorcycle, truck, bus, or other vehicle, it is important to obey traffic laws, abide by the rules of the road, and drive defensively.
Passing
1. When passing a truck, first check to your front and rear, then move into the passing lane only if it is clear and you are in a legal passing zone. Let the truck driver know you are passing by blinking your headlights, especially at night. The truck driver will make it easier for you to pass by staying to the far side of the lane. 2. On a level highway it takes only three to five seconds longer to pass a truck than a car. On an upgrade, a truck often loses speed so its easier to pass than a car. On a downgrade, the trucks momentum causes the truck to go faster so you may need to increase your speed. Complete your pass as quickly as possible and dont stay alongside the other vehicle. 3. If the driver blinks the trucks lights after you pass, its a signal that it is clear for you to pull back in front of the truck. Be sure to move back only when you can see the front of the truck in your rearview mirror. After you pass a truck, maintain your speed. 4. When a truck passes you, help the truck driver by keeping to the far side of your lane. Youll make it easier for the truck driver if you slightly reduce your speed. Dont speed up while the truck is passing. After passing, the truck driver should signal to let you know he is returning to your lane. 5. When you meet a truck coming from the opposite direction, keep as far to the side as possible to avoid a sideswipe crash and to reduce the wind turbulence between the two vehicles. Remember, turbulence pushes vehicles apart; it does not pull them together.
Following a Truck
1. Tractor-trailers take longer to stop than a car traveling at the same speed. The average passenger car traveling at 55 mph can stop in approximately 240 feet, which is about three-fourths the length of a football field. A fully loaded tractor-trailer may take more than 400 feet to completely stop; well over the length of a football field. 2. If youre following a truck, stay out of its blind spot at the rear. Avoid following too closely, and position your vehicle so the truck driver can see your vehicle in the trucks side view mirror. An excellent rule of thumb for motorists sharing the road with a tractor-trailer is, If you cant see the truck driver in his side mirror, he cant see you. By avoiding the truck drivers blind spot, you will have a good view of the road ahead, and the truck driver can give you plenty of warning for a stop or a turn. This will allow you more time to react and make a safe stop. 3. When you follow a truck at night always dim your headlights. Bright lights from a vehicle behind will blind the truck driver when the lights reflect off of the trucks large side mirrors. 4. If youre stopped behind a truck on an upgrade, leave space in case the truck drifts back when it starts to move. Also, keep to the left in your lane so the driver can see youre stopped behind the truck.
Right Turns
Pay attention to turn signals. Trucks make wide, right turns and sometimes leave an open space to the right just before the turn. To avoid a crash, dont pass a truck on the right if there is a possibility the truck might make a right turn.
Backing Crashes
Never cross behind a truck preparing to back up. When a truck driver is preparing to back the truck from a road into a loading area, the road is temporarily blocked. Wait for the truck to complete its maneuver before trying to pass. If you pass too closely behind the truck the driver or pedestrian enters the trucks blind spot and a crash may occur.
Maneuverability
Truck are designed to carry products to and from towns and cities; they are not designed to be as maneuverable as cars. Trucks have longer stopping and accelerating distances, a wider turning radius, and weigh more. On multi-lane highways, tractor-trailers stay in the center lane to help the flow of local traffic on and off the highway. Staying in the middle lane also increases the truck drivers options if he/she has to switch lanes to avoid a crash. Be aware of common mistakes drivers should avoid when driving around trucks and buses.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Cutting Off a Vehicle to Reach Your Exit or Turn
Cutting into the open space in front of a truck or bus removes the drivers cushion of safety. Trying to beat a truck to a single-lane construction zone represents a particularly dangerous situation. Slow down and exit or pull behind the truck.
Never Underestimate the Size and Speed of Approaching Tractor-trailer

Because of its large size, a tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed than it is. A substantial number of car-truck collisions take place at intersections because the driver of the car does not realize how close the truck is or how quickly it is approaching.
Share the Road with Motorcycles

Individuals who operate a motorcycle have the same rights and privileges as any other vehicle on the road. For various reasons, drivers may not see the motorcyclist. Approximately one-half of all motorcycle crashes involve another vehicle. A few of the most common reasons are provided below. 1. Many drivers tend to look for other cars not for motorcyclists. 2. The profile of a motorcycle is much smaller than the profile of a car, making an approaching motorcyclist harder to see. 3. Estimating the distance and speed of a motorcycle is more difficult than it is for a car. 4. Motorcycle riding requires frequent lane movements to adjust to changing road conditions.
Situations When Crashes Are Most Likely to Occur

Motorcycle crashes are most likely to occur in the high-risk situations described below. Left Turns The most common crash between cars and motorcycles is at an intersection when the driver of a car is making a left turn in front of a motorcycle. Over 40 percent of all motorcycle crashes occur at intersections. Nearly 66 percent of those crashes were caused by the other vehicles turning left in front of the motorcyclist. A Cars Blind Spot Motorcyclists are often hidden in a vehicles blind spot or missed in a quick look due to their smaller size. Always make a visual check for motorcycles by checking mirrors and blind spots before entering or leaving a lane of traffic and at intersections. Hazardous Road Conditions Road conditions that are a minor annoyance to you may pose a major hazard to motorcyclists. Motorcyclists may suddenly change speed or adjust their position within a lane in a reaction to the weather or road and traffic conditions such as potholes, gravel, railroad crossings, and wet or slippery surfaces which impair the motorcyclists braking and handling abilities. Expect and allow room for such actions by the motorcyclist. Strong Winds A strong gust of wind can move a motorcycle across an entire lane if the rider isnt prepared for it. Wind gusts from large trucks in the other lane can be a hazard. Large Vehicles A large vehicle such as a van, bus, or truck can block a motorcycle from a drivers view and the motorcyclist may seem to suddenly appear from nowhere.
Special Note:
How Can I Drive Aware?

Look Out for Motorcyclists Although you may not see any cars, be aware there may be a motorcycle. Be careful at intersections, and always take a second look for a motorcycle before turning at an intersection, particularly when making left turns. Signal Your Intentions Always signal before changing lanes or merging with traffic. This allows the motorcyclist to anticipate traffic flow and find a safe lane position. Signal even if you dont see cars or motorcycles. Be careful when making left turns across lanes of approaching traffic. Look carefully in all directions for approaching motorcyclists. Dont be fooled by a flashing turn signal. Motorcycle signals usually arent canceling and riders sometimes forget to turn them off. Wait to be sure the motorcycle is going to turn before you proceed.
If you drive aware of motorcyclists in these situations, you can help make the streets and roads safer for everyone.
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Respect a Motorcycle Allow the motorcyclist a full lane width. Although it may seem as though there is enough room in the traffic lane for an automobile and a motorcycle, the motorcycle is entitled to a full lane and may need the room to maneuver safely. Do not attempt to share the lane with a motorcycle. Allow Plenty of Space When Following a Motorcycle The slightest contact can mean a spill or injury for the rider. Allow more following distance, at least four to six seconds, when following a motorcycle so the motorcyclist has enough time to maneuver or stop in an emergency. In dry conditions motorcycles can stop more quickly than a car. The Motorcycle Operator Training and Safety Program by DPS was created in 1983 by the legislature to improve rider skills and reduce the number and severity of motorcycle crashes in Texas. A portion of each motorcycle license fee is used to support this program. The program sets up and monitors motorcycle training classes throughout the state and promotes motorcycle safety and awareness through campaigns, exhibits, and materials. Contact Motorcycle Safety at www.dps.texas.gov/msb or call (800) 292-5787. Residents in the Austin area can call (512) 424-2021 for information about motorcycle safety or to locate the nearest training location.
Share the Road with Light Rail

In recent years, light rail has been established in many major cities in Texas. As you travel these areas, you will notice these trains move along the streets just like other vehicles. Light rail is very quiet, in fact the trains are quieter than most buses and cars. So whether you are riding light rail or just walking or driving near the train or tracks, its important to stay alert and observe the safety rules.
Table 30: Safety Rules for Light Rail
Action
Stop
Description
- Dont walk in front of, between, or behind a train. - Trains cant start or stop quickly regardless of traffic flow. - Do not drive, stop, or park your vehicle on the tracks. Its dangerous and illegal. - Cross the tracks only at designated pedestrian crossings and only when it is safe. - Look both ways before crossing the tracks. Trains travel in both directions. - Obey all warning signs, flashing lights, signals, and crossing gates. A law enforcement officer will issue tickets to violators. - Stay alert. Light rail is quieter than a bus or most cars. You may not hear a light rail coming. - Listen for train horns and signal bells. - Always follow instructions from a law enforcement officer. - Never race a train, run in front of a train, or put anything on or near the tracks. - Never try to beat the train to a crossing. Even in a tie you lose. - Never drive around crossing gate arms.
Look
Listen
Dont
Share the Road with Bicycles

A bicycle is a vehicle. Any person riding a bicycle has all of the rights and responsibilities as a driver of a vehicle.
Bicycle Rules for Motorists

1. Bicyclists are not restricted to the right lane of traffic. One-way, multi-lane streets are one example. Another instance is when the bicyclist is changing lanes to make a left turn. The bicyclists should follow the same path any other vehicle would take traveling in the same direction. 2. Motorcycles should merge with bicycle traffic when preparing for a right turn. Avoid turning directly across the path of a bicycle traffic. 3. Bicyclists are required to ride as far to the right in the lane as possible only when the lane can be safely shared by a car and a bicycle, side-by-side. Even then there are certain conditions which allow a bicyclist to take the full lane. a. The person is overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction. b. The person is preparing for a left turn at an intersection or onto a private road or driveway. c. There are unsafe conditions in the road such as fixed or moving objects, parked or moving vehicles, pedestrians, animals, potholes, or debris. d. The lane is of substandard width making it unsafe for a car and a bicycle to safely share the lane side by side. When this is the case, it is best for the cyclist to take the full lane whether riding single file or two abreast.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Car-Bicycle Crashes Caused by Motorists

The most common motorist caused car-bicycle crashes are: 1. A motorist turns left in front of oncoming bicycle traffic. Oncoming bicycle traffic is often overlooked or its speed misjudged. 2. A motorist turns right across the path of the bicycle. The motorist should slow down and merge with the bicycle traffic for a safe right turn. 3. A motorist pulls away from a stop sign and fails to yield the right-of-way to bicycle cross traffic. At intersections, the right-of-way rules apply equally to motor vehicles and bicycles.
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Chapter 10: How Alcohol and Drugs Affect the Ability to Drive
Millions of people take drugs every day and dont realize these drugs can affect their ability to drive. Alcohol, tranquilizers, marijuana, or any other drug can affect the mental and physical (psychomotor) skills needed to operate a vehicle. Even some over-the-counter medications can affect your driving skills. 1. We are all different and each individuals driving skills can be affected differently by the same drug. The drivers weight and emotional state or the amount of the drug and when it was taken, all influence the drivers ability to size up an emergency situation or to judge speed or distance. 2. Taking more than one drug at the same time can be dangerous because each drug can add to the impact of the other. This is especially true when one of the drugs is alcohol. Based on the Texas Motor Vehicle Crash Statistics, driving under the influence, which includes both alcohol and drugs, was a contributing factor in 3 percent of crashes and 31 percent of all fatal crashes in Texas in 2009. 1. It is illegal to possess an open container of alcohol in a passenger area of a motor vehicle located on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being operated, stopped, or parked. Conviction of this offense is punishable by a fine not to exceed $500. 2. Possession of an open container of an alcoholic beverage increases the minimum term of confinement by six days for a first offense.
Table 31: Alcohol and Other Types of Drugs
Type
Marijuana
Description
Research has shown even typical social doses of marijuana can affect concentration, judgment, and sensory and perceptual skills needed for careful driving. People who are under marijuana influence have impaired sensory and perceptual abilities. Heavy amphetamine use may keep drivers awake and active for long periods of time, it also makes them less coordinated, edgy, and four times more likely to be involved in a car crash. Research shows typical social amounts of cocaine can produce lapses in attention concentration. While caffeine can help drowsy drivers stay alert, it cant make a drunk driver sober. Studies show ordinary amounts of caffeine dont improve a drunk subjects driving. Sedative-hypnotic drugs including barbiturates, are powerful depressants which calm people down or help them sleep. Sleepy or over-sedated drivers are not good drivers. Many over-the-counter drugs cause drowsiness in some people which can affect their driving. Read the labels and be careful with antihistamines, other cold preparations, or any medicine that relaxes or promotes sleep. Any drug might affect your ability as a driver. If you take more than one drug or if you mix drugs, especially tranquilizers or other sedative-hypnotics, with alcohol, you could be asking for trouble on the road and off. If you have doubts about a drug or drug mix, check with a doctor or pharmacist. Each year alcohol, a depressant drug affecting coordination, judgment, perception, and emotional state, is responsible for half of all American highway deaths. Alcohol increases the depressant effects of tranquilizers and barbiturates. Mixing these drugs, on or off the road, can be hazardous.
Stimulants
Tranquilizers / Sedative-Hypnotics Over-the-counter drugs Any drug
Alcohol
Texas Has Tough Alcohol-Related Laws for Minors

Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) is a problem affecting all Texans. To make Texas safer, laws have been enacted to deter people from drinking and driving or to punish those who choose to drink and drive. In Texas you are considered legally intoxicated if you have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or more.
Table 32: DWI Penalties for Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs - Minors
Offense
1st offense
Penalty
Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $2,000, confinement in jail for 72 hours to 180 days, and suspension of the driver license (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 90 to 365 days. The court may probate the jail sentence and waive the license suspension on the first offense only. Possession of an open container of an alcoholic beverage increases the minimum confinement by three to six days. Class A misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $4,000, confinement in jail for 30 days to 1 year, and suspension of the driver license (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 180 days to 2 years. Third degree felony punishable by a fine not to exceed $10,000, confinement in the penitentiary for 2 to 10 years, and suspension of the driver license (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 180 days to 2 years. A state jail felony punishable by a fine not to exceed $10,000 and confinement in jail for 180 days to 2 years. Third degree felony punishable by a fine not to exceed $10,000, confinement in the penitentiary for 2 to 10 years, and suspension of the driver license (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 90 days to 1 year. Second degree felony punishable by a fine not to exceed $10,000, confinement in the penitentiary for 2 to 20 years, and a suspension of the driver license (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 180 days to 2 years.
2nd offense 3rd offense and every offense after DWI with passenger under 15 Intoxication assault Intoxication manslaughter
Zero Tolerance for Minors

In Texas, a minor is any individual who is under 21 years of age. A minor may not purchase, attempt to purPage 58 Chapter 10: How Alcohol and Drugs Affect the Ability to Drive

chase, consume, or possess an alcoholic beverage. Since a minor should not possess alcohol, zero tolerance legislation was passed for minors who commit an offense under the non-driving alcohol-related laws and for minors who drive under the influence. Zero tolerance means just that. Even if a minor is not intoxicated as defined under the DWI statute, if a minor has any detectable amount of alcohol in his/her system while operating a motor vehicle in a public place or while operating a watercraft, the minor has committed the criminal offense of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol by a Minor.
Table 33: Penalties for Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of Alcohol - Minors
Offense
Any offense 1st offense
Statute:
1997 Texas Legislature, Senate Bill 35
Penalty
Punishable by a fine of up to $500, community service of 40 to 60 hours, and license may be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed). Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, community service of 20 to 40 hours, and attendance in an alcohol awareness course is required. If the minor is under 18, the parent may be required to also attend the course. The minors license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 120 days. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, community service of 40 to 60 hours, and minors license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed). The alcohol awareness course may be required. Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $500 to $2,000, community service of 40 to 60 hours, and/or confinement in jail not to exceed 180 days, an alcohol awareness class may be required, and the minors license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed). The court may not give deferred disposition on the third offense. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, community service of 40 to 60 hours, and the minors license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed). The alcohol awareness course may be required or the case can be transferred to Juvenile Court as delinquent conduct.
2nd offense 3rd offense (17 to 21 years of age) 3rd offense (under 17 years of age)
Implied Consent Laws for Minors

If you are arrested for an offense arising out of acts allegedly committed while operating a motor vehicle or watercraft in a public place while intoxicated, or if youre a minor and have any detectable amount of alcohol in your system while you are operating a motor vehicle in a public place, then you are deemed to have consented to taking one or more breath or blood specimen for analysis to determine the alcohol concentration or the presence in your body of a controlled substance, drug, or other substance. Refusal to provide a breath or blood specimen will result in the suspension of your license or driving privileges if not licensed.
Table 34: Penalties for Refusal to Provide a Specimen - Minors
Offense
1st offense 2nd offense and every offense after
Penalty
Driver license suspended or privilege denied if not licensed, for 180 days. Driver license suspended or privilege denied if not licensed, for 2 years.
A minor who gives a breath or blood specimen that confirms he/she has been operating a motor vehicle in a public place with any detectable amount of alcohol in his/her system but the amount is below the 0.08% BAC legal limit of intoxication will have his/her license suspended or driving privilege denied if not licensed.
Table 35: Minor Provided Specimen Confirming Detectable Amount of Alcohol
Offense
1st offense 2nd offense 3rd offense and every offense after
Penalty
Driver license suspended or privilege denied if not licensed, for 60 days. Driver license suspended or privilege denied if not licensed, for 120 days. Driver license suspended or privilege denied if not licensed, for 180 days.
The minor may request a hearing in the municipal or justice court in the county of residence before a hearing officer to contest the suspension.
DWI and DUI Arrests are Costly

DWI and DUI arrests can be a humiliating experience and are costly. It is not worth the risk. Some fines can be up to $10,000 not including the cost of a bail bondsman, attorney, or other court-required expenses.
Sanctions for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses by Minors

Texas zero tolerance law provides sanctions for minors who commit offenses under the non-driving alcohol-related offenses. A minor may not purchase, attempt to purchase, falsely state he/she is 21 years of age or older, or present any document indicating he/she is 21 years of age or older to a person engaged in the selling or serving an alcoholic beverage, consume, or possess an alcoholic beverage. A person who purchases, furnishes, or sells alcohol to a minor can be punished by a fine up to $4,000 and/or
Chapter 10: How Alcohol and Drugs Affect the Ability to Drive Page 59

confinement in jail for up to one year. Beginning September 1, 1999, minors who are convicted of driving while their license is revoked because of a non-driving alcohol-relatedPenaltiesis subject to the penalties of Driving While- License Invalid (DWLI). offense for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses Minors Table 36:
Offense
1st offense 2nd offense 3rd offense (Under 17 years of age) 3rd offense (17to 21 years of age)
Statute:
Penalty
Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, 8 to 12 hours of community service, mandatory attendance of an alcohol awareness course, and license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 30 days. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, 20 to 40 hours of community service, may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course, and license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 60 days. Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500, 20 to 40 hours of community service, may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course, and license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 60 days or case can be transferred to Juvenile Court. Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $250 to $2,000, may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course, confinement in jail not to exceed 180 days, and license will be suspended (or privilege denied if not licensed) for 180 days. Minors are not eligible for deferred disposition on the third conviction and every conviction after.
Alcoholic Beverage Code 106.041
The Alcohol Test

If you are arrested for an offense arising from acts allegedly committed while operating a motor vehicle in a public place, a watercraft while intoxicated, or another alcohol-related offense, you are deemed to have consent to taking one or more specimens of breath or blood for analysis to determine the alcohol concentration or the presence in your body of a controlled substance, drug, or other substance. If you are arrested for an offense described in this subsection you may consent taking of any other type specimen to determine your alcohol concentration. Refusal to give a blood or breath specimen for analysis will result in a driver license suspension of 180 days. If you submit to a blood or breath specimen and the results show a BAC of 0.08% or greater, you are subject to a driver license suspension of 90 to 365 days. Anyone with a BAC of 0.08% or more is intoxicated. Table 37: Penalties for DWI and DUI of Alcohol or Drugs
Offense
1st offense 2nd offense 3rd offense and every offense after DWI with passenger under 15 Intoxication manslaughter Intoxication assault
Fine
$0 - $2,000 and $0 - $4,000 and $0 - $10,000 and $0 - $10,000 and $0 - $10,000 and $0 - $10,000 and
Confinement
72 hours to 180 days in jail 30 days to 1 year in jail 2 to 10 years in the penitentiary 180 days to 2 years 2 to 20 years in penitentiary 2 to 20 years in penitentiary
Drive License Suspension

90 days to 365 days 180 days to 2 years 180 days to 2 years Varies by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd offense 180 days to 2 years 90 days to 2 years*
*Court may probate jail sentence and waive driver license suspension on first offense.
The Number One Killer

The number one killer of teenagers is driving under the influence. More than 3,500 teens are killed and another 110,000 are seriously injured each year in car crashes involving alcohol. Not all teens have been drinking. Some are passengers or innocent targets of people who drink and drive. These statistics mean that from a high school of 475 students, two are likely to be injured or killed in drunk driving crashes. One of those injured or killed could be your best friend. One could be you.
Why is Drinking and Driving Dangerous?

Drinking alcohol and driving is a major cause of serious crashes. In 2001, alcohol was the main cause of 28 percent of all fatal crashes in Texas. By 2010, that number increased to 35.6 percent. You lose your judgment when you drink or use drugs which affects how you react to sounds, what you see, and the speed of other vehicles around you. Its often the first thing about you that changes. Good judgment may be as simple as saying no to a friend who wants to race your car. However, if you have been drinking or are under the influence of drugs, your judgment may turn into, Sure, take may car. Your ability to reason has all but disappeared.
Myths About Drinking Alcohol

Taking cold showers, drinking black coffee, or exercising will not sober you up. Only time, body weight, number of drinks, and how much has been eaten, can affect how long it takes to sober up. It takes about one hour for the body to get rid of each drink consumed. Someone who has not been drinking should drive.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Every Driver

People are different. So are drugs. The reasons why people take drugs are different. So are the effects of taking drugs. But safe driving always requires the same thing: an observant eye, a steady hand, and a clear head.
Table 38: Drugs and Driving. Why Take the Risk?
Body Weight in Pounds Drinks 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 .04 .06 .11 .15 .19 .23 .26 .30 .34 .38
Influenced 120
.03 .06 .09 .12 .16 .19 .22 .25 .28 .31
140
.03 .05 .08 .11 .13 .16 .19 .21 .24 .27
160
.02 .05 .07 .09 .12 .14 .16 .19 .21 .23
180
.02 .04 .06 .08 .11 .13 .15 .17 .19 .21
200
.02 .04 .06 .08 .09 .11 .13 .15 .17 .19
220
.02 .03 .05 .07 .09 .10 .12 .14 .15 .17
240
.02 .03 .05 .06 .08 .09 .11 .13 .14 .16 Legally Possibly
Impaired
Know Your Legal Limit

The legal limit in Texas is 0.08% BAC or any amount which results in the loss of normal use of mental or physical faculties. The information provided in the Drugs and Driving. Why Take the Risk? table is only a guide and is based on calculated averages. Alcohol tolerance may vary by individual. Food in your stomach, medications, health, and psychological condition are also influential factors which affect the rate of alcohol absorption. Drivers are encouraged to take drug and alcohol awareness courses to become better educated about the effects and consequences of drugs and alcohol. Insurance companies provide liability insurance discounts to drivers who complete drug and alcohol awareness courses.
Page 61
Chapter 11: Motor Vehicle Crashes

When you give your name, address, vehicle registration number, and insurance information to anyone involved in the crash, if requested and available, you must also show your driver license to the other driver(s) involved. Get the same information from the other driver(s). Write the insurance company name and policy number exactly as it is shown on the drivers proof-of-insurance card. If you have the name of the drivers company, call the Texas Department of Insurance at (800) 252-3439 to get the company address and telephone number. If you are involved in a crash and it is not investigated by a law enforcement officer and the crash resulted in death or damage to property of $1,000 or more, you must make a written report of the crash and file it with the Texas Department of Transportation no later than the 10th day after the date of the crash. The written report must be on the required form.
Crash Resulting in Injury, Death, or Damage to a Vehicle

If you are operating a motor vehicle involved in a crash resulting in an injury, death, or damage to a vehicle, stop at the scene or as close as possible, without obstructing traffic more than necessary. If your vehicle is not stopped at the scene you must immediately return to the scene of the crash and remain there (or if the crash occurs on a main lane, ramp, shoulder, median, or adjacent area and each vehicle involved can be normally and safely driven, drivers must move their vehicle as soon as possible to a designated crash investigation site, if available, a location on the frontage road, the nearest suitable cross street, or other suitable location) until you have: 1. Given your name and address, the registration number of the vehicle you were driving, and the name of your motor vehicle liability insurer to any person injured or to the operator or occupant of or person attending a vehicle involved in the collision: 2. Shown your diver license (if requested available) to any person injured or to the operator or occupant of or person attending a vehicle involved in the collision; and 3. Provided any person injured in the crash reasonable assistance including transporting or making arrangements for transporting the person to a physician or hospital for medical treatment if it is apparent treatment is necessary, or if the injured person requests the transportation.
Table 39: Penalties for Failure to Stop
Offense
1st offense 2nd offense and every offense after
Penalty
Imprisonment in the State Penitentiary for up to 5 years; confinement in the county jail for up to 1 year; a fine not to exceed $5,000; or both a fine and prison. Penalties are enhanced.
Crash Involving an Unattended Vehicle

If you are operating a motor vehicle that collides with and damages an unattended vehicle, you must immediately stop and: 1. Locate the operator or owner of the unattended vehicle and provide the name and address of the operator and owner of the vehicle struck in the unattended vehicle; or 2. Leave or securely attach in a visible way, to the unattended vehicle a written notice giving the name and address of the operator and the owner of the vehicle that struck the unattended vehicle and a statement of the circumstances of the collision.
Crash Resulting in Damages to a Fixture, Landscaping, or Structure

If you are driving a motor vehicle involved in a crash resulting ONLY in damage to a fixture, landscaping, or structure legally on or adjacent to a highway, you must: 1. Take reasonable steps to locate the owner (or person in charge) of the property and notify him/her of the crash; provide your name, address, and registration number of the vehicle you were driving: 2. If requested and available, you must show your driver license to the owner or person in charge of the property; and 3. If the crash is not investigated by a law enforcement officer and the crash resulted in injury to or the death of a person or damage to the property of any one person to an apparent extend of $1,000 or more you must make a written report of the crash and file it with the Texas Department of Transportation no later than the 10th day after the crash.
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Failure to comply with the requirements is an offense.
Table 40: Penalties for Failure to Comply with Damages
Offense
1st offense (Less than $200 in damages) 1st offense (More than $200 in damages) 2nd offense and every offense after
Penalty
Class C misdemeanor if the damage to all vehicles is less than $200 and is punishable by a fine not to exceed $500. Class B misdemeanor if the damage to all vehicles is $200 or more and is punishable by a fine not to exceed $2,000, confinement in jail for up to 180 days, or both. Penalties are enhanced.
Crash Resulting in Injury or Death of a Person or Damage to a Vehicle

If you are driving a vehicle involved in a crash that results in the injury or death of a person or damage to a vehicle that cannot be normally safely driven, you must immediately give notice of the crash to the local police if the crash occurred in a municipality; local police department or the sheriffs office if the crash occurred not more than 100 feet outside the limits of a municipality; or the sheriffs office or the nearest DPS office if the crash occurred elsewhere.
Hit-and-Run Crashes
If you are involved in a hit-and-run crash, report this crash to law enforcement for investigation. The Texas Department of Insurance advises uninsured motorist coverage pay for damage in hit-and-run crashes reported to a law enforcement agency.
Aiding the Injured

1. When calling a doctor or ambulance, state the place of the crash clearly and correctly. 2. Do not assume people are not injured simply because they say they are not. Send for skilled help as quickly as possible. Unskilled handling can do more harm than good. 3. Do not move or life the victim(s) unless it is absolutely necessary. If a victim must be moved, get help and try not to change the position in which the victim was found. 4. Stop serious bleeding with thick cloth pads, as clean as possible, apply with pressure by hand or by bandaging. 5. Keep the victim(s) comfortable. If it is hot, cool the victim(s) and provide shade as much as possible. If it is cool, cover the victim with blankets or coats if the necessary and if available.
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Chapter 12: Pedestrian Safety

The driver should always pay special attention to the pedestrian (a person on foot) and the bicyclist. However, there are certain safety rules pedestrians and bicyclists should follow.
Laws and Safety Tips for Pedestrians

1. Obey traffic control signals unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal. 2. Dont cross the street between two intersections. Its dangerous to cross in the middle of a street. 3. Use sidewalks when available, and do not walk in the street. 4. Walk on the left side of the road if there are no sidewalks. Step off the pavement when a car approaches. 5. If you cross a street at any point other than within a crosswalk at an intersection, you (the pedestrian) must yield the right-of-way to all vehicles. 6. If you cross a street without using a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing which has been provided you (the pedestrian) must yield the right-of-way to all vehicles. 7. When crossing at a crosswalk, keep right if possible. 8. Blind, partially blind, or disabled individuals may carry a white cane while walking. Others must not display a cane on any public street or highway. 9. No person may stand in the road for the purpose of soliciting a ride, contributions, or business. A person may stand in a road to solicit a charitable contribution if authorized to do so by the local authority having jurisdiction over the road. 10. Do not suddenly walk or run into the street in the path of a vehicle. These sudden actions may make it impossible for the vehicle operator to yield. 11. Wait on the curb, not in the street, until the traffic signals change to green or reads Walk. 12. Always wear white or light colored clothing and/or carry a light or reflector when walking at night. 13. Look both ways before crossing the street and before stepping out from behind parked cars. 14. Be extra careful when getting off a streetcar or bus. 15. Get in and out of cars on the curb side of the road when possible. 16. Do not walk on a road when you are under the influence or consuming an alcoholic beverage. Alcohol is a contributing factor to pedestrian traffic crashes. 17. Pedestrians should be aware local authorities may have ordinances which require pedestrians to comply with the directions of an official traffic control (signals, signs, etc.) and prohibit pedestrians from crossing a road in a business district or a designated highway except in a crosswalk.
Laws and Safety Tips for Motorists

1. If you see a pedestrian crossing or attempting to cross the street, slow down, use your horn if necessary, and be prepared to stop. 2. Be alert to a pedestrian guided by an assistance animal or carrying a white cane. A driver shall take the necessary precautions to avoid injuring or endangering a pedestrian crossing or attempting to cross the street. The driver shall bring the vehicle to a full stop if injury or danger can only be avoided by that action. Remember the white cane indicates the person may be blind, partially blind, or disabled. 3. Watch for individuals who are blind at bus stops, intersections, business areas, and near schools for the blind.
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Chapter 12: Pedestrian Safety
Chapter 13: Bicycle Vehicle Laws and Safety

Bicycle Traffic Laws
A bicycle is a vehicle. Any person riding a bicycle has the same rights and responsibilities that apply to a driver operating a vehicle unless it cannot by its nature apply to a person operating a bicycle. Any person who operates a bicycle is subject to the same penalties for violating a traffic law as is a person operating a motor vehicle. All traffic convictions will be placed on the individuals driver record, regardless if the conviction was for an offense committed on a bicycle or in a motor vehicle. Do: 1. A bicyclist should always obey all traffic laws, signs, and signals. Never ride opposite the flow of traffic. Stop at all stop signs and stop at red lights. 2. A person operating a bicycle on a one-way road with two or more marked traffic lanes may ride as near as possible to the left curb or edge of the road. 3. Individuals who are riding two abreast shall not impede the normal reasonable flow of traffic on the road. Individuals riding two abreast on a laned road must ride in a single lane. 4. Bicyclists may ride on the shoulder of the road. 5. Bicyclists may signal a right turn using either their left arm pointing up or their right arm pointed horizontally. 6. A person operating a bicycle on a road moving slower than the other traffic shall ride as near as possible to the right curb or edge of the road unless: a. The person is overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction; b. The person is preparing for a left turn at an intersection or onto a private road or driveway; c. There are unsafe conditions in the road such as fixed or moving objects, parked or moving vehicles, pedestrians, animals, potholes, or debris; or d. The person operating a bicycle in an outside lane that is: - Less than 14 feet in width and doesnt have a designated bicycle lane adjacent to that lane; or - The lane is too narrow for a bicycle and a motor vehicle to safely travel side by side. Dont: 1. No bicycle shall be used to carry more than the number of individuals it is designated or equipped for. 2. No person riding a bicycle shall attach the same or himself to a streetcar or vehicle upon a road. 3. No person operating a bicycle shall carry any package, bundle, or article which prevents him/her from keeping at least one hand on the handlebars. 4. Only ride upon or astride a permanent and regular seat.
Statute:
Shared Lane Marking

The shared lane marking may be used to: 1. Assist bicyclists with lateral positioning in a shared lane with on-street parallel parking in order to reduce the chance of a bicyclists impacting the open door of a parked vehicle; 2. Assist bicyclists with lateral position in lanes too narrow for a motor vehicle and a bicycle to travel side by side within the same traffic lane; 3. Alert road users of the lateral location bicyclists are likely to occupy within the traveled way; 4. Encourage safe passing of bicyclists by motorists; or 5. Reduce the incidence of wrong-way bicycling.
Bicycles Must Be Properly Equipped

1. Every bicycle shall be equipped with a brake which will enable the operator to make the braked wheels skid on dry, level, clean pavement. 2. Hearing-impaired bicycle riders may display a safety flag.
Chapter 13: Bicycle Vehicle Laws and Safety Page 65

3. Every bicycle in use at nighttime shall be equipped with: a. A lamp on the front which emits a white light visible at a distance of at least 500 feet to the front of the bicycle; b. A red, DPS-approved reflector on the rear must be visible from distances of 50 feet to 300 feet. (A red light on the rear visible from a distance of 500 feet may be used in addition to the red reflector.)
Bicycle Safety Guidelines

1. It is highly suggested bicycle riders wear an approved bicycle helmet. 2. When riding on pedestrian facilities, reduce speed and exercise caution. 3. Do not weave in and out of parked cars. 4. Move off of the street to stop, park, or make repairs to your bicycle. 5. A bicyclist should select a route according to the persons own bicycling skill and experience. 6. It is not required by law but bicycles should be equipped with a mirror.
Riding in Wet Weather

Water makes certain surfaces slick. Be aware of manhole covers and painted stripes on the road. Water also obscures some hazards. Watch for potholes filled with water. In addition, the visibility of motorists is greatly decreased in wet weather. Wear highly visible clothing when riding a bicycle.
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Chapter 13: Bicycle Vehicle Laws and Safety
Chapter 14: Additional Safety Tips

Defensive Driving
To avoid crashes, the defensive driver should: 1. Stay alert and keep eyes moving to keep track of what is happening at all times 2. Look for trouble spots developing all around 3. Have a plan of action 4. Know the law requires drivers to protect each other from their own mistakes
Safety Belts
The driver and all adult passengers (i.e. passengers who are at least 17 years of age) in a passenger vehicle are required to use safety belts if occupying a seat in a vehicle equipped with a safety belt. Children who are under 8 years of age and less than 49 in height (regardless of age) are required by law to be secured in an appropriate child passenger safety seat if occupying a seat in a vehicle equipped with a safety belt. Children who are at least 8 years of age but under 17 or who are under 8 years of age but taller than 49 in height must be secured in a safety belt if occupying a seat in a vehicle so equipped. Safety belt requirements include pickups, SUVs, and trucks. Safety belts are life belts and help to keep you: 1. From being thrown from your car (your changes of being killed are five times greater if you are thrown from your car) 2. From hitting the dashboard too hard 3. Better control of your car Whatever your reason for not wearing safety belts, it is not reasonable and may violate state law.
Statute:
Texas Transportation Code, Sections 545.412 and 545.413
Penalties for Driving Without a Safety Belt

A driver can receive a citation for not wearing his/her safety belt and for not having each child under the age of 17 in a safety seat or safety belt. Anyone who is at least 15 years of age can receive a citation for not being buckled up. There are no exemptions to the safety belt laws although there are some defenses to prosecution for medical reasons with a physician note, postal workers, individuals who deliver the newspaper, utility workers, solid waste truck workers, or certain commercial farm vehicle operators.
Vehicles with Open Beds

It is an offense to drive an open bed truck or an open flatbed truck or to draw an open flatbed trailer when a child who is younger than 18 years of age is occupying the bed of the truck or trailer. It is a defense to prosecution that the driver was operating a vehicle: 1. Or towing the vehicle in a parade or in an emergency; 2. To transport farm-workers from one field to another field on a farm-to-market road, ranch-to-market road, or county road outside a municipality; 3. On a beach; 4. That is the only vehicle owned or operated by members of a household; or 5. In a hayride permitted by the governing body of or a law enforcement agency of each county or municipality in which the hayride will occur.
Vehicles with Open Beds Towing a Boat or Watercraft

It is an offense for a person to operate a motor vehicle that is towing a boat or personal watercraft in or on which a person who is younger than 18 years of age is riding. It is a defense to prosecution that the driver was operating the motor vehicle: 1. In a parade; 2. In an emergency; or 3. On a beach.
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Texas Drivers Handbook Open Bed Passenger Restrictions

It is a Class B misdemeanor to operate a truck, road tractor, or truck tractor when another person occupies a trailer or semi-trailer being drawn by the truck, road tractor, or truck tractor. It is a defense to prosecution that the person: 1. Towing the vehicle did not know another person occupied the trailer or semi-trailer 2. Occupying the trailer or semi-trailer was in a part of the vehicle designed for human habitation 3. Operating or towing the vehicle was: a. In a parade or in an emergency; b. Transporting farm-workers from one field to another field on a farm-to-market road, ranch-tomarket road, or county road outside a municipality; or c. In a hayride permitted by the governing body of or a law enforcement agency of each county or municipality in which the hayride will occur.
When Stopped by Law Enforcement

If you are stopped by law enforcement it is suggested you: 1. Move the vehicle safely to the right of the road as soon as possible and stop; 2. Place the vehicle in a parking position, set the emergency brake, turn the engine off, and activate the hazard warning lights: 3. Remain in the car, lower the drivers window, and wait for the law enforcement officer to give instructions; 4. Follow the instructions of the law enforcement officer; 5. Require passengers to remain in the car unless other instructions are given by the law enforcement officer; and 6. Give the appropriate signals and safely return tot he proper lane of traffic when released by the law enforcement officer.
False Identification Offense

A person commits an offense if he/she gives a false or fictitious name to a law enforcement officer who has lawfully arrested or detained the person.
Road Rage
Each year road rage, also referred to as aggressive driving, causes hundreds of injuries and deaths. Aggressive driving occurs when a driver becomes angry or irritated as a result, fails to follow the rules of the road. An aggressive driver will intentionally aggravate or attempt to aggravate other drivers and in some cases cause bodily injury, property damage, or death to others.
Tips to Avoid Road Rage

1. Plan your trip or schedule in advance. Allow extra time in case your vehicle breaks down or you encounter traffic congestion due to a crash, road construction, or rush-hour traffic. 2. When caught in traffic do not get angry. Try to relax and listen to music you enjoy. Remember, traffic congestion is usually temporary and you will soon be on your way. 3. Should you need to use the horn, tap the horn, do not blow the horn. Do not confront other drivers or make obscene gestures. 4. Do not cut into another drivers lane of traffic. Properly signal your intentions to change lanes and change lanes when it is safe to do so. Turn your turn signal off after you complete your lane change. 5. Do not intentionally slow down or slam on your brakes or speed up to keep someone from passing or from entering your lane of travel. 6. Do not tailgate; follow at a safe distance. 7. Always remember to drive friendly and report aggressive driving to the local authorities.
Neighborhood Electronic Vehicles and Motor Assisted Scooters

A neighborhood electronic vehicle is defined as a vehicle subject to Federal Motor Safety Standard 500 with a top speed of 35 mph.
Page 68 Chapter 14: Additional Safety Tips

A motor assisted scooter is defined as a self-propelled device with: 1. At least two wheels in contact with the ground; 2. A braking system capable of stopping device under normal operating conditions; 3. A gas or electric motor not exceeding 40 cc; 4. A deck designed to allow a person to stand or sit while operating the device; and 5. The ability to be propelled by human power alone. Both vehicles may only be operated on a street or highway when the posted speed limit is 45 mph or less.
Counties and municipals may prohibit the operation of either type of vehicle on any street or highway for safety reasons.
Special Note:
Electronic Personal Assisstive Mobility Devices (EPAMD)

EPAMD, also known as segways, are defined as a two, non-tandem wheeled device designed for transporting one person that is self-balancing and propelled by an electric propulsion system with an average power of 750 watts or one horsepower. An EPAMD can be operated on a residential street, road, public highway, or sidewalk with a maximum speed limit of 30 mph only: 1. While making a direct crossing of a highway in a marked or unmarked crosswalk; 2. Where no sidewalk is available; or 3. When so directed by a traffic control device or by a law enforcement officer.
Speed Reduces Your Field of Vision
STATIONARY Field of vision is 180 degrees or more
20 MPH Field reduced to about 2/3
Your Keys to Safe Driving

Good Vision Look with your eyes but see with your mind Obey traffic laws Proper care of vehicle Dont depend on yearly inspections; perform regular maintenance as needed Courtesy Safety comes before the right-of-way Proper Signaling Failure to signal is dangerous and inconsiderate Physical Fitness Let someone else drive if you are not physically or mentally alert
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Transporting Cargo and Materials

To prevent cargo or loose materials from falling or spilling from a car, truck, trailer, etc. onto the road and causing a crash or damage to the roads, drivers must comply with certain state requirements. Texas law mandates a vehicle shall be equipped and maintained to prevent loose material from escaping by blowing or spilling. A vehicle bed carrying a load may not have a hole, crack, or other opening through which loose material can escape. The bed shall be enclosed by side panels and on the front by a panel or the vehicle cab. The rear shall be enclosed by a tailgate or panel. The load shall be covered and the covering firmly secured at the front and back, unless the load is completely enclosed by the load-carrying compartment or does not blow or spill over the top of the load-carrying compartment.The tailgate of the vehicle shall be securely closed to prevent spillage during transportation. Texas law also mandates that no person shall load or transport any loose material on or over the public highways, such as dirt, sand, gravel, wood chips, or other material (except agricultural products in their natural state), capable of blowing or spilling from a vehicle unless: 1. The bed carrying the load must be completely enclosed on both sides and on the front and rear by a tailgate, board or panel; and all must be so constructed as to prevent the escape of any part of the load by blowing or spilling; and 2. The top of the load must be covered with a canvas, tarpaulin, or other covering firmly secured to the front and back to prevent the escape of the load because of blowing or spilling. This requirement does not apply to: a. Any load-carrying compartment that completely encloses the load; or b. The transporting of any load of loose materials not blowing or spilling over the top of the loadcarrying compartment.
Safety Chains
Safety chains are required when certain types of vehicles are towing trailers in order to prevent the trailer from breaking loose and causing a serious crash. A person may not drive a passenger car or light truck while towing a trailer, semi-trailer, or house trailer on a public highway in Texas unless safety chains (approved by DPS) are attached (in a manner approved by DPS) from a trailer, semi-trailer, or house trailer to the towing vehicle. The requirements of this law do not apply to a passenger car or light truck towing a trailer or semitrailer used for agricultural purposes or to any trailer or semi-trailer or house trailer operated in compliance with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.
Towing
When one vehicle is towing another, the drawbar, chain, rope, cable, or other connection must not be longer than 15 feet from one vehicle to another. (This limit does not apply to pole trailers.) When a chain, rope, or cable is used as a connection a white flag not less than 12 inches square must be attached to it.
Carbon Monoxide
Beware of carbon monoxide poisoning. Cars produce carbon monoxide which is deadly gas. Make sure you are getting plenty of fresh air. Dont: 1. Leave the motor running in a garage 2. Leave vents open when following closely behind another car 3. Leave the motor running and the windows closed while the car is parked 4. Drive with a defective muffler or exhaust system 5. Use the heater or air conditioner in a parked car with the windows closed Do: 1. Move a victim of carbon monoxide poisoning to fresh air 2. Give artificial respiration
Steering Lock Operation

Vehicles have various systems used to remove the key from the ignition. Some ignitions automatically lock the steering wheel if the key is removed while moving. Here are some common steering wheel lock
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systems with a description on how to remove the key.
Table 41: Steering Wheel Lock Parking Systems
Type of Parking System
Transmission park system Two hand button system Lever system One hand button system Push in system Turn and remove system
Description
Shift the transmission into the park position. Turn the key to lock then remove the key. This system requires two hands. Depress the button below the steering column. Turn the key to lock then remove the key. Depress the lever located near the ignition. Turn the key to lock then remove the key. Depress the button located near the ignition. Turn the key to lock then remove the key. Turn the key to off and push in. Turn the key to lock then remove the key. Turn the key to lock then remove the key.
Source: 1992 Automobile Safety Foundation
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Appendix A: Glossary of Terms

-Aacceleration lane a lane that permits drivers entering a highway to accelerate to the speed of traffic aggressive driving the behavior of driving in a combative, forceful, or competitive manner angle parking the vehicle is parked diagonally to the curb
-Bbackup lights white lights at the rear of the vehicle telling other drivers you are backing up basic speed law you may not drive faster than is safe and prudent for existing conditions, regardless of posted speed limits bicycle every device propelled by human power upon which any person may ride, having two tandem wheels either of which is more than 14 inches in diameter blind spot an area rearview mirrors cannot show blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) the amount of alcohol in the blood expressed as a percentage of ethyl alcohol related to the volume of fluids in the bloodstream blowout the sudden loss of tire air pressure while driving bodily-injury insurance covers the driver who is at fault against claims braking distance the distance a vehicle travels from the time brakes are applied until it stops
-Ccancellation the withdrawal of a driver license or privilege until the driver is qualified or eligible carbon monoxide colorless, odorless, tasteless gas contained in the exhaust fumes of gasoline engines center of gravity point around which the vehicle's weight is evenly distributed central vision the field of vision around your focal vision in which you can see clearly while looking straight ahead that aids in determining vehicle position to the road clutch pedal the pedal in a manual transmission vehicle that enables a driver to shift gears collision contact between two or more objects, as when two vehicles collide into each other collision insurance provides insurance coverage to pay the costs of repair or replacement of your vehicle involved in a collision color-blindness inability to distinguish colors commercial motor vehicle A vehicle used to transport/deliver goods or passengers for compensation between points on a fixed scheduled route. The vehicle: a. Has a gross weight, registered weight, or gross weight rating of more than 26,000 pounds; or b. Is designed to transport more than 15 passengers, including the driver. comprehensive insurance provides coverage for replacement or repair of your vehicle from damage other than from a collision controlled-access highway a highway where vehicles can enter and exit only at interchanges controlled braking reducing speed by firmly stepping on and squeezing brake pedal and maintaining steering control of the vehicle controlled intersection t h e intersection at which signals or signs determine the right of way controlled railroad crossing railroad crossing controlled by flashing red lights and/or crossing gates crossbuck large white X-shaped sign located prior to a railroad crossing
-Ddeceleration lane expressway lane used to slow your vehicle without blocking vehicles behind you
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defensive driving protecting yourself and others from dangerous and unexpected driving situations by using a space management system delayed green light indicates one side of the intersection has a green light while the light for oncoming traffic remains red denial the withholding of a driver license or privilege because the person is ineligible for a license. A driver license may be issued when eligibility requirements are met. depressant drug that slows the response of the central nervous system depth perception the ability to judge distance between yourself and other objects designated driver the person who decides ahead of time not to drink alcoholic beverages and is appointed to drive others who do drink distractions anything distracting the drivers attention from the driving task drag race the operation of: 1. Two or more vehicles from a point side by side at accelerating speeds in a competitive attempt to outdistance each other; or 2. One or more vehicles over a common selected course, from the same place to the same place, for the purpose of comparing speeds or power of acceleration of the vehicle(s) in a specified distance of time. driving under the influence (DUI) a Class C misdemeanor for which a minor can be charged in Texas if driving with any detectable amount of alcohol in the minors system (An offense for which a driver can be charged in some states if the driver's blood-alcohol concentration is above 0.05.) driving while intoxicated (DWI) an offense for which a driver can be charged in all states if the driver's blood-alcohol concentration is above a certain level
-Eentrance ramp a ramp leading onto a highway exit ramp a ramp leading off a highway
-Ffield of vision all the area a person can see while looking straight ahead. field sobriety test series of on-the-spot, road-side tests that help an officer detect impairment of a driver suspected of DUI or DWI financial responsibility law a law requiring you to prove you can pay for collision damages you cause that result in death, injury, or property damage flashing signal traffic signal alerting drivers to dangerous conditions or tells them to stop focus vision (fovial) the part of the vision field which allows the driver to read signs and make distinctions between vehicles and objects often measured as visual acuity following interval the time recommended to follow another vehicle in the intended path of travel. Select an object near the road surface. When the vehicle ahead passes that object, start counting one thousand-one, one thousand-two, etc., until the front of your car reaches the same object. For speeds under 30 mph, the minimum time with good road conditions is 2 seconds. For speeds above 30 mph, maintain 4 seconds (more for adverse conditions) of following time. Developing a four-second following interval is the best practice for a beginning or less experienced driver. force of impact the force with which one moving object hits another object; this varies according to speed, weight, and distance between impact and stop, and is based on forces of inertia and momentum friction the force creating heat which helps the tire maintain traction on the road, unless too much heat is generated which may cause traction loss due to melting of tire rubber on the road
-Ggap time or distance interval between vehicles on road glare recovery time the time your eyes need to regain clear vision after being affected by glare glare resistance the ability to continue seeing when looking at bright lights
Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Page 73

graduated driver license program requires young drivers to progress through a series of licensing stages with various restrictions such as accompanying drivers, times permitted to drive, and allowable passengers guide sign a sign providing directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other information
-Hhallucinogen mind-altering drug that tends to distort a person's perception of direction, distance, and time hazard flasher a device that flashes front turn signal lights and taillights to warn others the vehicle is a hazard head restraints specially designed air bag or padded devices on the backs of front seats helping to reduce whiplash injuries in a side or rear impact collision highway hypnosis drowsy or trance-like condition caused by concentration on the road ahead and monotony of driving hydroplaning occurs when a tire patch loses contact with the road by rising up on top of water highway a divided arterial highway with full control of access and with no crossing at grade
-Iignition interlock device court-ordered installation of an interlock ignition device must be performed by a DPS-certified service center implied-consent law anyone who receives a driver's license automatically consents to be tested for blood-alcohol content and other drugs if stopped for suspicion of drug use while driving intoxilyzer the breath-test instrument machine commonly used for determining blood-alcohol content
-J-K-Llane change lateral maneuver moving the vehicle from one lane to another using proper space management procedures lane signal a signal, usually overhead, indicating if a lane can or cannot be used at a specific time liability insurance provides compensation for damages which the insured is legally obligated to pay; covers others when you are at fault light truck a truck with a manufacturers rated carrying capacity of not more than 2,000 lbs., including a pick up truck, panel delivery truck, and carry-all truck limited use lanes traffic flow lanes posted and designed to accommodate special vehicles or carpools
-Mmedian area of ground separating traffic moving in opposite directions merging area stretch of road at the end of an acceleration lane on an expressway where vehicles join the flow of traffic minimum speed limit speed limit to keep traffic moving safely by not allowing drivers to drive slower than a certain speed moped A motor-driven cycle that cannot attain a speed in one mile of more than 30 mph and the engine: a. Cannot produce more than two-brake horsepower; and b. If an internal combustion engine, has a piston displacement of 50 cubic centimeters or less and connects to a power drive system that does not require the operator to shift gears. Two-wheeled vehicle that can be driven with either a motor or pedal. motorcycle a motor vehicle, other than a tractor, equipped with a riders saddle and designed to have when propelled not more than three wheels on the ground motor-driven cycle a motorcycle equipped with an engine displacement of 25 cubic centimeters or less. The term does not include an electric bicycle
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Texas Drivers Handbook -Nnight blindness not being able to see well at night no-fault insurance covers an insured's losses and expenses associated with a collision regardless of fault
-Oodometer the device on the instrument panel indicating the total number of miles the vehicle has been driven over driving headlights driving at a speed making your stopping distance longer than the distance lighted by your headlights; low beams are limited to 45 mph and high beams are limited to 65 mph for stopping purposes oversteer when the rear tire patches lose varying degrees of traction and the front tire patches have more traction causing a spinning effect (yaw) around the vehicle's center of gravity. The vehicle has a tendency to spin to the left or right even though the driver is not turning the steering wheel. overtake to pass the vehicle ahead over-the-counter medicine drug that can be obtained legally without a doctors prescription
-Pparallel parking the vehicle lines up parallel or going the same direction as the curb. When parallel parking, the vehicle must be 6 to 18 inches from the curb passive restraint device a restraint device, such as an air bag or an automatic safety belt, that works without the passenger or driver initiating the device pedestrian a person of foot pedestrian signal a signal used at traffic intersections that indicates when a persons should walk or wait peer pressure mental and social influence of others of a similar age on decision-making skills perception distance the distance your vehicle travels during perception time perception time the length of time it takes for the driver to make a risk-reduction decision peripheral vision the area a person can see that is around the central field of vision perpendicular parking the vehicle is parked at a right angle to a curb or parking stripe using visual reference points for entering and leaving prescription medicine drug that can be purchased legally only when ordered by a doctor preventive maintenance routine care and attention to your vehicle property-damage insurance protects the driver who is at fault against claims for damages to another person's property, up to specified limits protected left turn left turn made on a left-turn, green arrow, or delayed green light while oncoming traffic is stopped protective gear the items a motorcyclist wears to protect head, eyes, and body
-Q-Rrace The use of one or more vehicles in an attempt to: 1. Out gain or outdistance another vehicle or prevent another vehicle from passing; 2. Arrive at a given destination ahead of another vehicle(s); or 3. Test the physical stamina or endurance of an operator over a long-distance driving route. reaction distance t h e distance a vehicle travels from the point the driver perceives the need to act and the point where the driver takes action through braking, steering, or acceleration. Distance your vehicle travels until the driver perceives the need to change speed or position. reaction time the time the vehicle travels from the point the driver perceives the need to act and the point where the driver takes the action through braking, steering, or acceleration. Length of time it takes the driver to execute a reduced-risk action, after a response is perceived by the driver.
Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Page 75

reduced visibility the inability of a driver to see clearly reference point a part of the outside or inside of a vehicle, as viewed from the drivers seat, that relates to some part of the road which allows the driver to estimate position on the road. The road positions (points of reference) of the vehicle assist the driver in determining when to start turning, vehicle limitations, or where the vehicle is actually located. regulatory sign a sign controlling traffic restraint device any part of a vehicle holding an occupant in the seat during a collision restricted interlock license authorizes an individual to operate a motor vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock device. revocation the termination of a driver license or privilege for an indefinite period of time. May be restored when all requirements for the revocation have been satisfied right of way privilege of having immediate use of a certain part of a road right turn on red turning right when the red signal is on, after stopping behind the intersection guides, unless specifically prohibited to turn roadway marking markings and lane delineators (reflectors) providing you with warning or direction rocking a vehicle repeating the sequence of driving forward a little then back a little to move your vehicle out of deep snow, mud, or sand rumble strips sections of rough pavement intended to alert drivers of approaching roadway construction, tollbooth plaza, or other traffic conditions.
-Ssafety belt a lap belt and any shoulder straps included as original equipment on or added to a vehicle safety chains backup link used in case a trailer hitch fails school zone portion of a street or highway near a school subject to special speed limits shared left-turn lane the lane on a busy street helping drivers make safe mid-block left turns into business areas from a center lane skid a mark on the road surface from a tire sliding due to a loss of traction from braking or abrupt steering. When tire patches lose part or all of their traction on the roadway surface due to abrupt suspension balance or roadway surfaces conditions slow-moving vehicle the vehicle is unable to travel at highway speed speed smear occurs when objects in your peripheral vision become blurred and distorted as your speed increases staggered stop stopping when the white line visually disappears under the hood line. This allows extra space for left-turning vehicles. standard reference point point which allows for vehicle placement on a road typical for most drivers stimulant drug that speeds up the central nervous system stopping position stopping behind a vehicle in a position allowing the driver enough space to steer around the vehicle to avoid a stalled, turning, or backing vehicle suspension the temporary withdrawal of a driver license or privilege for a definite period of time
-Ttailgate to follow another vehicle too closely total stopping distance the distance your vehicle travels while you make a stop traction friction or gripping power between the tire patches and the road surface traffic circle the intersection that form when several roads meet at a circle traffic control devices the any signal, sign, or pavement marking used to control the movement of traffic traffic signal any signal used to control the movement traffic tunnel vision the ability to see in a narrow field of vision of 140 degrees or less with little effective peripheral vision
Page 76 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms

turn vehicle maneuver to change direction to the left or right turnabout the maneuvers for turning into or out of a road/driveway using reference points for positioning
-Uuncontrolled intersection an intersection that has no signs or signals to regulate traffic including railroad crossings that do not have flashing red lights or crossing gates under-insured motorist insurance covers costs exceeding the other persons insurance company will pay as a result of a collision caused by anothers fault uninsured motorist insurance covers costs up to a certain amount if you are struck by another vehicle whose driver has no insurance unprotected left turn left turn made at a signal-controlled intersection without a special left turn light urban district the territory adjacent to and including a highway, if the territory is improved with structures used for business, industry, or dwelling houses and are located at intervals of less than 100 feet for a distance of at least one-quarter mile on either side of the highway
-Vvehicle a device, in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, excepting devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks vehicle malfunctions failures of the vehicle to perform as designed, such as tire, steering, suspension, acceleration, fuel, etc. vehicle maintenance the scheduled or unscheduled upkeep or repair of a vehicle vehicle maneuvers moving forward, moving backward, turning, lateral maneuvers, and turnabouts visibility the ability to see
-Wwarning sign a sign alerting you to possible hazards and road conditions warning light an instrument panel light warning of a system malfunction and usually stays on while the system is malfunctioning
-X-Yyield to allow another vehicle or roadway user to proceed first
-Zzero tolerance law it is illegal for individuals who are under 21 years of age to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their blood
Page 77
Appendix B: Driver License Offices

Full-Time Driver License Offices
Full-time (FT) driver license offices are open from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. Some offices offer extended hours and a few offices routinely close during the noon hour. In addition, some offices offer online scheduling. To see if an office near you offers online scheduling, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov/DriverLicense and schedule an appointment.
Scheduled Driver License Offices

Scheduled (S) driver license offices are usually staffed with only one customer service representative. Depending on the location, the customer service representative is required to be away from the office part of the day while conducting driving tests and other DPS business. Please contact the scheduled driver license office prior to visiting to determine the customer service representatives work schedule for that particular day. *Information regarding driver license offices is current at the time of printing. For the most up-to-date information on any driver license office, including specific hours of operation, visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov/contact.htm.
Table 42: Driver License Offices
City
Abilene Alice Alvin Amarillo Andrews Angleton Anson Aransas Pass Arlington Athens Atlanta Austin North Lamar Austin Northwest Austin - Pflugerville Mega Center Austin South Baird Ballinger Bastrop Bay City Baytown Beaumont Beeville Big Springs Big Spring Boerne Bonham Borger Bowie Brady Breckenridge Brenham
Phone No.
(325) 695-0988 (361) 664-2113 (281) 585-4525 (806) 468-1400 (432) 524-1425 (979) 849-5711 Ext. 1521 (325) 823-3631 (361) 758-8680 (817) 274-1818 (903) 675-6091 (903) 796-3301 (512) 424-2076 (512) 506-2847 * (512) 444-5241 (325) 854-5844 (325) 365-2161 (512) 581-7152 (979) 245-9353 (281) 424-1339 (409) 924-5400 (361) 358-6272 (432) 267-5671 (432) 267-5671 (830) 249-6335 (903) 583-5613 (806) 273-2453 (940) 872-1496 (325) 597-1188 (254) 559-2664 (979) 836-2020
Address
4649 South First Street 300 South Johnson Street 113 East Sealy 4200 Canyon Drive 201 North Main Street, County Courthouse 501 South Velasco 1110 West Court Plaza 913 South Commercial 3901 W Arkansas, Suite 111 511 Hwy 174 West 310 North Louise 6121 North Lamar Blvd 13730 Research Blvd (US Hwy 183 N) 216 E Wells Branch Parkway 6425 IH-35, Suite 180 100 West 4th Street, Callahan County Courthouse 602 Strong Ave. Runnels County Courthouse Annex 305 Eskey Street 510 Avenue F 5420 Decker Dr. 7200 Eastex Freeway 400 South Hillside 5725 IH-20 West 5725 IH-20 West 1414 East Blanco, Suite 2 1203 East Sam Rayburn 3429 Farilanes Blvd 603 East Decatur Street 306 W Lockhart Street 200 West Walker Street, County Courthouse Highway 290 West
Zip Code
79605-7213 78332-5650 77511-2440 79109-5678 79714 77515-6017 79501-4315 78336-5303 76016-1400 75751 75551 78752 78750-1812 78660 78744 79504 79821 78602-3828 77414-3187 77520-1448 77708-3830 78102-5375 79720 79720 78006-1832 75418-4945 79007-8087 76230 76825 76424 77833
Office Type
FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S S FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT S FT S FT
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Table 42: Driver License Offices (Continued)
City
Brownsville Brownwood Bryan Burnet Caldwell Cameron Canadian Canton Carthage Carrollton Cedar Hill Center Centerville Childress Claredon Clarksville Cleburne Cleveland Coleman Colorado City Columbus Comanche Conroe Copperas Cove Corpus Christi Corsicana Crane Crockett Crosbyton Crystal City Cuero Daingerfield Dalhart Dallas Downtown (Renewals Only) Dallas East Dallas Southwest Decatur Del Rio Denton Denver City Dimmitt Dumas Eagle Pass Eastland Edinburg Emory
Phone No.
(956) 983-1920 (325) 646-0180 (979) 776-3110 (512) 756-5405 (979) 567-2315 (254) 697-2956 (806) 323-9898 (903) 567-2346 (903) 693-3261 (972) 245-5800 (469) 272-9301 (936) 598-6152 (903) 536-3095 (940) 937-2560 (806) 874-5188 (903) 427-2931 (817) 202-2650 (281) 592-5983 (325) 625-2600 (325) 728-5214 (979) 732-3451 (325) 356-3222 (936) 442-2810 (254) 547-9130 (361) 698-5625 (903) 872-5631 (432) 558-3292 (936) 544-5917 (806) 675-2131 (830) 374-2222 (361) 275-6154 (903) 645-2363 (806) 244-5883 (214) 651-1859 (214) 553-0033 (214) 330-3958 (940) 627-5694 (830) 703-1225 (940) 484-6666 (806) 592-2873 (806) 647-4350 (806) 935-5058 (830) 773-5050 (254) 629-8383 (956) 383-3471 (903) 473-2804 2901 Paredes Line
Address
Zip Code
78526-1156 76801-1733 77803 78611 77836 76520-3939 79014 75103-9776 75633-2546 75007-5130 75104-2011 7535-4587 75833 79201-3321 79226 75426-2702 76033-7467 77327-9737 76834 79512 78934 76442-3263 77301-1406 76522-2235 78416-1399 75109 79731 75835-1809 79322-2549 78839-3547 77954 75638-1340 79022 75201-6300 75218 75237 76234-1827 78840-3040 76209-3699 79323-2700 79027 79029-4437 78852-5757 76448-3056 78539-7219 75440
Office Type
FT FT FT S S S S FT FT FT FT FT S FT S FT FT FT S S FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT S FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S S FT FT FT S
541 Commerce Square 1003 N Earl Rudder Frwy 1701 E Polk Street, Burnet County Courthouse Annex 100 West Buck, Burleson County Courthouse Rm 106 512 N Jefferson Ave., Suite E 400 Main Street, Hemphill County Courthouse 1601 North Trade Days Blvd Courthouse, Room 101 2625 Old Denton Road, Suite 464 116 W Beltine, Suite 2 Hwy 96 South 125 East Main Street 1700 Ave F NW, Suite A 723 West 2nd Street 500 North Cedar 600 West Kilpatrick 304 Campbell Road, Room #123 112 North Concho 405 Elm Street 3229 Columbus Loop 211 South Austin Street #2 Hilbig Street 201 South 2nd Street, Suite 5 1922 South Padres Island Drive 3030 S Hwy 287 1212 S. Alford Street 1125 E Loop 304 215 South Bershire County Courthouse 208 East Live Oak 500 Broadnax 402 Denver Ave. 1500 Marilla 1B South, City of Dallas Building 11411 E Northwest Hwy, Suite 111 5610 Red Bird Center, Suite 500 2000 South Trinity 2012 Veterans Blvd 820 North Loop 288 412 West 5th Street 100 East Bedford Rm 110, County Courthouse 817 South Bliss Ave. 32 Foster-Maldonado Blvd 1002 Lago Vista 1212 S 25th 109 Wood
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City
El Paso Northwest El Paso Gateway E El Paso Hondo Pass El Paso Scott Simpson Fairfield Falfurrias Floresville Floydada Fort Bliss Fort Hood Fort Worth Fort Worth Mega Center Fredericksburg Friona Gainesville Galveston Garland Garland Mega Center Gatesville George West Georgetown Giddings Gilmer Goldthwaite Gonzales Graham Grand Prairie Grandbury Greenville Groesbeck Hallettsville Hamilton Harlingen Haskell Hempstead Henderson Hereford Hillsboro Houston-Dacoma Houston-Winkler Houston- Grant Road Houston- Gessner Mega Center Houston - Spring Mega Center Houston-East Houston-Townhurst
Phone No.
(915) 877-1647 (915) 598-3487 (915) 751-6455 (915) 849-4100 (903) 389-5050 (361) 325-4500 Ext. 3 (830) 393-7216 (806) 983-2217 (915) 568-8631 (254) 532-9786 (817) 294-1075 * (830) 997-1932 (806) 250-2711 (940) 665-3924 (409) 740-0031 (214) 861-2125 * (254) 865-2444 (361) 449-2733 (512) 863-5816 (979) 542-0246 (903) 797-2751 (325) 648-2266 (830) 672-3328 (940) 549-1490 (972) 264-6598 (817) 573-7381 (903) 453-6916 (254) 729-5554 (361) 798-9398 (254) 386-3789 (956) 440-6725 (940) 864-2448 (979) 826-7649 (903) 657-6095 (806) 364-6481 (254) 582-5044 (713) 683-0541 (713) 943-0631 (281) 890-5440 (713) 219-4100 * (713) 633-9872 (713) 465-8462 1854 Northwestern 7300 Gateway East 4505 Hondo Pass 11612 Scott Simpson
Address
Zip Code
79912-1122 79915 79904-1308 79936-6210 75840 78355 78114-1831 79235-2736 79916 76544 76133-5536 76120 78624-3700 79035 76240-3905 77554-8906 75043-5998 75041 76528-1313 78022 78626-5100 78942 75644 76844 78629-2613 76450-5917 75051-1555 76048-1876 75401-4345 76642-2008 77964 76531 78550-4299 79521 77445 75654 79045-5517 76645-2139 77092-8613 77017 77070-4407 77071-2831 77379 77029 77043-3226
Office Type
FT FT FT FT S S FT S FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT S FT S FT S FT FT FT FT FT S S S FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT
118 E Commerce Street, Suite 101 217 East Miller Street, Brooks County Courthouse Annex 800 10th Street 105 South Main Street, Suite 107 County Courthouse 503-A Pershing Road, Room 103 Hood Road Bldg 69012 6413 Woodway Drive 1700 Eastchase Parkway 125 W Main Street 102 East 8th Street 206 W California 6812 Broadway 350 West IH-30 4445-A Saturn Road 606 B Leon Street 301 Houston, Live Oak County Courthouse Annex Rm 13 515 S. Pine Street (7th and Pine) 170 E Industry 713 State Hwy 151 North 1011 4th Street, Rm 303 1709 Sarah Dewitt Drive 142 Elm 555 S Carrier Pkwy, Suite 570 1402 W. Pearl Street 2801 Stuart Street, Room 408 1221 E. Yeagua 412 N Texana 200 E Gentry Street 1630 North 77 Sunshine Strip 1 Avenue D, Haskell County Courthouse 235 Hwy 290 East 325 Fair Park 303 East 3rd Street 126 S Covington 4545 Dacoma 9206 Winkler 10503 Grant Road 12220 South Gessner 4740 Spring Cypress Road, Suite 100 11039 East Freeway (IH-10), Suite B 1601 Townhurst
Page 80

City
Houston-Vantage Pkwy East Humble Huntsville Hurst Irving Jacksonville Jasper Jourdanton Katy Kermit Kerrville Killeen Kingsville Kountze Lake Worth Lamesa Lampasas Laredo Levelland Lewisville Liberty Littlefield Livingston Llano Longview Lubbock Lufkin Marble Falls Marshall McAllen McKinney Meridian Midland Mineral Wells Monahans Mission - Palmview Mount Pleasant Muleshoe Munday Nacogdoches New Boston New Braunfels Odessa Orange Palestine Pampa
Phone No.
(281) 449-2685 (281) 446-3391 (936) 295-1578 (817) 299-1300 (972) 253-4171 (903) 586-5631 (409) 384-5712 (830) 769-2277 (281) 391-4874 (432) 586-3134 (830) 258-5750 (254) 634-1919 (361) 592-1911 (409) 246-3662 (817) 238-9197 (806) 872-8675 (512) 556-6871 (956) 728-2301 (806) 894-7026 (972) 221-8081 (936) 336-7343 (806) 385-5679 (936) 327-6806 (325) 247-5488 (903) 758-1788 (806) 472-2800 (936) 699-7331 (830) 798-3222 (903) 938-2171 (956) 984-5648 (214) 733-5350 (254) 435-2913 (432) 498-2370 (940) 325-0227 (432) 943-4701 (956) 205-7070 (903) 572-6888 (806) 272-3860 (940) 422-4331 (936) 560-5826 (903) 628-6822 (830) 625-0700 (432) 332-0637 (409) 883-0273 (903) 661-5030 (806) 665-7160
Address
15403 Vantage Pkwy East, Suite 300 7710 Will Clayton Pkwy 501 IH-45 624 Northeast Loop 820 1003 West 6th Street 506 E Pine US 190 and FM 777, Route 7, PO Box 101 1002 Campbell 6002 George Bush, #7 401 S Pine Street 311 Sidney Baker Street 302 Priest Drive 725 E Yoakum Ave. Kleberge County Courthouse Ed Lopez Bldg 440 W Monroe Street 6316 Lake Worth Blvd 608 North Main Street 1690 North US Hwy 281 1901 Bob Bullock Loop 1212 Houston Street, Suite 4 190 North Valley Pkwy, Suite 201 2103 Co Streets 100 West 6th Street, Room B-06 1735 North Washington Ave. 100 W Sandstone Rm 200 416 Lake Lamond Road 1302 Mac Davis Lane 2809 South John Redditt Drive 810 Steve Hawkins Pkwy, Suite 5 5215 Loop 390 N 1414 North Bicentennial Blvd 400 Power House Street 500 State Hwy 174 2405 South Loop 250 West 600 FM 1821 North 3600 S Stockton 722 North Breyfogle Road, Suite A 1906 N Jefferson 300 South First Street, Room 302 121 East Main Street, City Hall 5407 N US Hwy 59 710 James Bowie Drive 3003 IH-35 South 1910 West IH-20 711 US Hwy 87 1900 W Spring 2909 Perryton Pkwy
Zip Code
77032 77338-5801 77320-8419 76053-5299 75060-3875 75766-4566 75951-9209 78026-3508 77493-1806 79745 78028-2103 76541-7137 78363 77625 76135-3602 79331-4621 76550-1145 78043-9771 79336 75067 77575-4957 79339-3306 77351-2127 78643-2319 75604-5838 79401-1801 75904-5670 78654-6345 75670 78501-4499 75071-1814 76665 79703 76067-9118 79756 78572 75455-2335 79347-3621 76371 75964 75570-2322 78130-7027 79763-4901 77631 75803-7940 79065-2811
Office Type
FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT S FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT S FT FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT
Page 81

City
Panhandle Paris Pasadena Pecos Perryton Pierce Plainview Plano Port Arthur Port Lavaca Quanah Quitman Rio Grande City Roby Rockwall Rosenberg Rosenberg Mega Center San Angelo San Antonio-Babcock San Antonio - Huebner Mega Center San Antonio-South East San Antonio-General McMullen San Marcos Seguin Seminole Seymour Sherman Sinton Snyder Sonora Stanton Stephenville Sulphur Springs Sweetwater Taylor Temple Terrell Texarkana Texas City Tulia Tyler Universal City Uvalde Van Horn Vernon
Phone No.
(806) 537-3622 Ext. 233 (903) 784-3800 (713) 473-3232 (432) 447-3532 (806) 435-4642 (979) 541-4590 (806) 293-2508 (972) 867-4221 (409) 982-1131 (361) 552-5046 (940) 663-5641 (903) 763-4212 (956) 716-4844 (325) 776-3276 (972) 771-1691 (281) 663-5424 * (325) 223-6903 (210) 737-1911 * (210) 533-9171 (210) 436-6611 (512) 353-2770 (830) 379-6802 (432) 758-3112 (940) 889-2426 (903) 813-3420 (361) 364-1956 (325) 573-5631 (325) 387-5701 (432) 756-8772 (254) 965-7894 (903) 885-7871 (325) 235-2662 (512) 352-4160 (254) 770-6734 (972) 551-6050 (903) 793-1653 (409) 933-1130 (806) 995-3813 (903) 939-6014 (210) 945-1900 (830) 278-5630 (432) 283-2039 (940) 552-6372
Address
501 Main Street, Carson County Courthouse 2885 North Main Street 2783 Red Bluff Road, #100 148 North Frontage Road, I-20 West 101 SW 4th Street, W.M. Good Building 19692 US Hwy 59 1108 South Columbia 2109 West Parker Road, Suite 224 900 4th Street 201 West Austin Street 300 Main Street, Hardeman County Courthouse 211 B Bermuda, Courthouse Annex 100 FM 3167, Suite 218 Hwy 180 and Hwy 70, Fisher County Courthouse 108 South Fannin 5505 Avenue N 28000 Southwest Freeway, Suite A 1600 West Loop 306 1258 Babcock Road 7400 Huebner Road 6502 South New Braunfels Ave. 1803 South General McMullen 1400 IH-35 North 1440 East Kingsbury 101 South Main, Room 105 101 South Washington Street, Baylor County Courthouse 1413 Texoma Pkwy 120 E Fulton Street 501 E 37th Street 102 N Water Ave. 301 N St. Peter Street, County Courthouse 850 East Road 1528 E Shannon Road 600 NW Georgia Ave. 412 Vance #2 6612 S General Bruce 111 Tejas Drive 1516 Hampton Road 1325 Amburn Road 310 West Broadway, Suite 137 4700 University Blvd 1633 Pat Booker Road 2901 East Main Street 1300 West Frontage Road 1700 Wilbarger Street Willbarger County Courthouse, Room B-6
Zip Code
79068 75460-2257 77503-2915 79772 79070-3003 77467 79072 75023-7739 77640-6513 77979 79252 75783 78582 79543 75087-4217 77471-5640 77471 76904 78201-6644 78240 78223-3099 78226-1127 78666-7235 78155-4097 79360 76380 75090-3803 78387 79549-2889 76950 79782 76401-5408 75482-3026 79556-7712 76574-3500 76502-5832 75160-6567 75503-1811 77591-2469 79088-2245 75713 78148-3432 78801-4932 79855 76384-4747
Office Type
S FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT S S S FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT FT FT S FT
Page 82

City
Victoria Waco Wallisville Waxahachie Weatherford Webster (Clear Lake Area) Weslaco Wichita Falls Woodville Zapata
Phone No.
(361) 578-3450 (254) 759-7121 (409) 389-2491 (972) 923-6787 (817) 599-7631 (281) 486-8242 (956) 565-7200 (940) 851-5600 (409) 283-7757 (956) 765-9917 8802 North Navarro 1617 East Crest Drive 20906 IH-10 1720 E Main Street
Address
Zip Code
77904-1427 76705-1555 77597 75165-4701 76086-5012 77598 78596-6443 76306-1009 75979-4735 78076
Office Type
FT FT FT FT FT FT FT FT S FT
1309 South Bowie Drive 111 Tristar Drive 2525 N International Blvd 5505 North Central Expressway 1001 West Bluff Street 607 North US Hwy 83
*The phone numbers for these offices were not available at the time of printing. Please visit our website at www.dps.texas.gov for the most up-to-date information.
Page 83

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Texas Drivers Handbook - 2013 (PDF File)

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Introduction

Steven C. McCraw, Director Texas Department of Public Safety

Chapter 2: Vehicle Inspection and Registration ......................................................................18

Chapter 3: Safety Responsibility ...............................................................................................21

Chapter 4: Right-of-Way ............................................................................................................23

Chapter 5: Signals, Signs, and Markers ....................................................................................28

Chapter 6: Signaling, Passing, and Turning .............................................................................41

Chapter 7: Parking, Stopping, or Standing ..............................................................................45

Chapter 8: Speed and Speed Limits ..........................................................................................48

Chapter 9: Some Special Driving Situations ............................................................................50

Chapter 11: Motor Vehicle Crashes ..........................................................................................62

Chapter 12: Pedestrian Safety ..................................................................................................64

Chapter 13: Bicycle Vehicle Laws and Safety ...........................................................................65

Chapter 14: Additional Safety Tips ...........................................................................................67

Appendix A: Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................72 Appendix B: Driver License Offices ...........................................................................................78

Chapter 1: Your License to Drive

Texas Transportation Code, Section 521.027

Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521.029 and 521.030

Texas Transportation Code, Sections 521.027, 521.028, and 521.029

Types of Texas Driver Licenses